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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2022 Jun 10:13:895512.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.895512. eCollection 2022.

Intensity Dependent Effects of Interval Resistance Training on Myokines and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males With Obesity

Ali Ataeinosrat  1 , Ayoub Saeidi  2 , Hossein Abednatanzi  1 , Hiwa Rahmani  3 , Asieh Abbassi Daloii  4 , Zhaleh Pashaei  5 , Vida Hojati  6 , Gholam Basati  7 , Ali Mossayebi  8 , Ismail Laher  9 , Michaela G Alesi  10 , Anthony C Hackney  11 , Trisha A VanDusseldorp  10 , Hassane Zouhal  12   13
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Intensity Dependent Effects of Interval Resistance Training on Myokines and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males With Obesity

Ali Ataeinosrat et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Objective: To determine the effects of different intensities of interval resistance training (IRT) protocols on the levels of select myokines (decorin, follistatin, myostatin, activin A, transforming growth factor beta-1 [TGF-β1]), and cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity.

Methods: Forty-four obese males (age: 27.5 ± 9.4 yr.; height: 165.4 ± 2.8 cm; weight: 97.9 ± 2.6 kg and BMI: 35.7 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=11 per group): low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) or control (C). The LIIRT group performed 10 exercises in 3 sets of 40% (20 repetitions), the MIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 60% (13 repetitions), and the HIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 80% (10 repetitions) of one maximum repetition (1RM), which were followed with active rest of 20% of 1RM and 15 repetitions. The resistance training groups exercised ~70 min per session, 3 days per week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of exercise training.

Results: Baseline levels of myokines, cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were not different between the four groups (p>0.05). The group x time interactions for decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density cholesterol (HDL), low-density cholesterol (LDL), anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were statistically significant (p<0.05). There were increases in post-test values for decorin, follistatin, HDL (p<0.05) and decreases in TC, TG, TGF-β1, LDL, and myostatin levels in the LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT groups compared to pretest values (p<0.05). Changes in fat mass, VO2peak, HDL, TG, glucose, activin A, decorin were not significant in LIIRT compared to the control group, while changes in activin A, follistatin, and TFG-β1 levels were greater in HIIRT and MIIRT groups compared to the LIIRT group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: The LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT protocols all produced beneficial changes in decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1 levels, and cardiometabolic risk factors, with greater effects from the MIIRT and HIIRT protocols compared to LIIRT.

Keywords: cardiovascular risk factor; exercise; interval resistance training; myokines; obesity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Study flow chart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pre and post-training values (mean ± SD) for decorin in control, low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) groups. *Significant differences from the control group (p<0.05). &Significant differences from pretest values in LIIRT, MIIRT, HIIRT (P<0.05). #Significant differences between training groups (p<0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Pre and post-training values (mean ± SD) for activin A in control, low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) groups. *Significant differences from the control group (p<0.05). &Significant differences from pretest values (p<0.05). #Significant differences between training groups (p<0.05).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Pre and post-training values (mean ± SD) for follistatin in control, low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) groups. *Significant differences from the control group (p<0.05). &Significant differences from pretest values (p<0.05). #Significant differences between training groups (p<0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Pre and post-training values (mean ± SD) for myostatin in the control, low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) groups. *Significant differences from the control group (p<0.05). &Significant differences from pretest values (p<0.05). #Significant differences between training groups (p<0.05).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Pre and post-training values (mean ± SD) for TGF-β1 in control, low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) groups. *Significant differences from the control group (p<0.05). &Significant differences from pretest values (p<0.05). #Significant differences between training groups (p<0.05).
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