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Review
. 2023 Sep-Oct;42(5):1876-1926.
doi: 10.1002/mas.21793. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Native top-down mass spectrometry for higher-order structural characterization of proteins and complexes

Ruijie Liu  1 , Shujun Xia  1 , Huilin Li  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Native top-down mass spectrometry for higher-order structural characterization of proteins and complexes

Ruijie Liu et al. Mass Spectrom Rev. 2023 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

Progress in structural biology research has led to a high demand for powerful and yet complementary analytical tools for structural characterization of proteins and protein complexes. This demand has significantly increased interest in native mass spectrometry (nMS), particularly native top-down mass spectrometry (nTDMS) in the past decade. This review highlights recent advances in nTDMS for structural research of biological assemblies, with a particular focus on the extra multi-layers of information enabled by TDMS. We include a short introduction of sample preparation and ionization to nMS, tandem fragmentation techniques as well as mass analyzers and software/analysis pipelines used for nTDMS. We highlight unique structural information offered by nTDMS and examples of its broad range of applications in proteins, protein-ligand interactions (metal, cofactor/drug, DNA/RNA, and protein), therapeutic antibodies and antigen-antibody complexes, membrane proteins, macromolecular machineries (ribosome, nucleosome, proteosome, and viruses), to endogenous protein complexes. The challenges, potential, along with perspectives of nTDMS methods for the analysis of proteins and protein assemblies in recombinant and biological samples are discussed.

Keywords: native top-down MS; protein complexes; structural biology.

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