Bracketed Localization in Breast-Conserving Surgery: Indications and Success Rates From a Single, High Volume, Academic Breast Cancer Center

Abstract

Background: Bracketed localization is a technique used to help localize lesions for breast-conserving surgery (BCS). To date, there are no guidelines for when bracketed localization should be used in clinical practice. Based on our experience, we aim to provide criteria that should prompt surgeons to consider bracketing.

Methods: A single-institution retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent bracketed localization for BCS between 2015 and 2021. Lesion characteristics were recorded including lesion span, number of lesions, histology type on core needle biopsy and surgical specimen, margin status, and need for additional surgery.

Results: One hundred and thirteen cases were analyzed. Imaging showed an average lesion span of 5.0-cm. Multifocal lesions represented 45% of cases. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) was a histological component in 64% of core needle biopsies and 76% of surgical specimens. Negative margins were achieved in 82% of patients on the first excision. Additional surgery was performed in 17% of patients. Invasive lobular carcinoma had the highest additional surgery rate at 23%. Negative margins with BCS were achieved in 96% of cases, including those with successful re-excision.

Discussion: This descriptive study shows that bracketed localization was most often employed for patients with large lesion spans, multifocality, and a DCIS or invasive lobular component. While these characteristics are typically associated with higher rates of positive margins, our cohort's rate of additional surgery was comparable to the national average for all BCS operations. These results argue that surgeon utilization of bracketed localization may be beneficial in these clinical scenarios.

Keywords: breast; surgical oncology.