Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul 1;40(7):1369-1379.
doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000003155. Epub 2022 Jun 10.

Disparities between determinants of impaired vascular structure and function in young people with primary hypertension: a systematic review

Karolis Azukaitis  1 , Manish D Sinha  2 , Łukasz Obrycki  3 , Michał Pac  3 , Bojko Bjelakovic  4 , Augustina Jankauskiene  1 , Mieczysław Litwin  3 ; HyperChildNet Working Group 3
Affiliations

Disparities between determinants of impaired vascular structure and function in young people with primary hypertension: a systematic review

Karolis Azukaitis et al. J Hypertens. .

Abstract

Objective: Early effects of primary hypertension on arterial structure and function in children and young people (CYP) and their determinants remain elusive. We aimed to review independent determinants of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), carotid wall cross-sectional area (WCSA) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) in CYP with primary hypertension.

Methods: We performed a systematic review of studies reporting multivariable analysis of cfPWV, cIMT and WCSA in CYP (up to 25 years of age) with primary hypertension. Literature search was performed in PubMed database and 13, 12 and two articles including 3860 (age range 4-25 years, 50% male individuals), 2038 children (5-25 years, 55% male individuals) and 136 children (5-17 years, 85% male individuals) were selected for final analysis of cfPWV, cIMT and WCSA, respectively.

Results: Ninety and 86% of the studies reported higher cfPWV and cIMT in CYP with elevated blood pressure (BP) compared with normotensive controls. Different indices of BP were positively associated with cfPWV in 92% of studies, whereas BMI showed association in 31%. Carotid IMT associated with BP indices in 50% and with BMI in 25% of the studies. WCSA was studied longitudinally and its improvement associated with decrease in measures of central obesity.

Conclusion: We found a disparity between the determinants of structural and functional impairment of arterial tree in CYP with primary hypertension. In contrast to cIMT and WCSA, increase of cfPWV is almost exclusively determined by BP.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Litwin M, Feber J. Origins of primary hypertension in children: early vascular or biological aging? Hypertension 2020; 76:1400–1409.
    1. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2018; 36:1953–2041.
    1. Yang L, Magnussen CG, Yang L, Bovet P, Xi B. Elevated blood pressure in childhood or adolescence and cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood: a systematic review. Hypertension 2020; 75:948–955.
    1. Lona G, Hauser C, Köchli S, Infanger D, Endes K, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Hanssen H. Association of blood pressure, obesity and physical activity with arterial stiffness in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Res 2021; 91:502–512.
    1. Day TG, Park M, Kinra S. The association between blood pressure and carotid intima-media thickness in children: a systematic review. Cardiol Young 2017; 27:1295–1305.

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources