Incidence and temporal changes in lumbar degeneration and low back pain in child and adolescent weightlifters: A prospective 5-year cohort study

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence of lumbar degeneration findings and low back pain (LBP) in children and adolescent weightlifters using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and medical questionnaires over a 5-year period. Moreover, we aimed to reveal the temporal changes in the lumbar vertebrae caused by long-term weightlifting training during the growth period. Twelve children and adolescent weightlifters who participated in weightlifting for >2 years (six boys, six girls, 11.4±2.0 years) were enrolled. Participants underwent annual medical questionnaire surveys, including data on practice frequency, competition history, presence of LBP, and lumbar examinations using MRI during the 5-year follow-up. Lumbar disc degeneration was detected in all the participants after 4 years, and lumbar disc herniation findings were detected in 33% of participants after 5 years; one underwent herniotomy during the follow-up period. Lumbar spondylolysis was detected in 58% of patients at 5 years. Although there were three participants who had LBP in the final year, none had LBP that prevented them from returning to weightlifting. This 5-year cohort study of 12 children and adolescent weightlifters detected lumbar degeneration in all participants. High frequency weightlifting training over a long period during the growth period may increase the risk of developing current and future LBP.

Fig 1. Representative case (patient 7).

Bilateral lumbar spondylolysis at L3. (a, b) Disc degeneration at L4/5. L5/S1. (c) Disc herniation at L4/5.

Fig 2. Representative case (patient 8).

There were no findings in 2014. From 2016, there was progressive lumbar disc degeneration and disc herniation at L4/5 and L5/S1.