Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Oct;6(10):e2200087.
doi: 10.1002/adbi.202200087. Epub 2022 Jul 1.

Bioengineering Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Lalithasri Ramasubramanian  1   2   3 , Shixian Du  1   3 , Siraj Gidda  1 , Nataliya Bahatyrevich  1 , Dake Hao  1   2 , Priyadarsini Kumar  1   2 , Aijun Wang  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Bioengineering Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Lalithasri Ramasubramanian et al. Adv Biol (Weinh). 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and interventions, there is still a crucial need for new multifaceted therapeutics that can address the complicated pathophysiological mechanisms driving CVD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are secreted by all types of cells to transport molecular cargo and regulate intracellular communication. EVs represent a growing field of nanotheranostics that can be leveraged as diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of CVD and as targeted drug delivery vesicles to promote cardiovascular repair and recovery. Though a promising tool for CVD therapy, the clinical application of EVs is limited by the inherent challenges in EV isolation, standardization, and delivery. Hence, this review will present the therapeutic potential of EVs and introduce bioengineering strategies that augment their natural functions in CVD.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; cargo loading; extracellular vesicles; nanotherapeutics; targeted delivery.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Summary of EV functions within the cardiovascular system and engineering strategies to improve therapeutic efficicacy for the the treatment of CVD.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
EVs can be engineered to 1) carry bioactive cargo, and 2) express targeting proteins on the membrane surface to improve homing and cellular uptake. Engineered EVs can be delivered using multimodal biomaterial-based, clinically relevant approaches.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Kaptoge S, Pennells L, De Bacquer D, Cooney MT, Kavousi M, Stevens G, Riley LM, Savin S, Khan T, Altay S, Amouyel P, Assmann G, Bell S, Ben-Shlomo Y, Berkman L, Beulens JW, Björkelund C, Blaha M, Blazer DG, Bolton T, Bonita Beaglehole R, Brenner H, Brunner EJ, Casiglia E, Chamnan P, Choi Y-H, Chowdry R, Coady S, Crespo CJ, Cushman M, Dagenais GR, D’Agostino RB Sr, Daimon M, Davidson KW, Engström G, Ford I, Gallacher J, Gansevoort RT, Gaziano TA, Giampaoli S, Grandits G, Grimsgaard S, Grobbee DE, Gudnason V, Guo Q, Tolonen H, Humphries S, Iso H, Jukema JW, Kauhanen J, Kengne AP, Khalili D, Koenig W, Kromhout D, Krumholz H, Lam T, Laughlin G, Marín Ibañez A, Meade TW, Moons KGM, Nietert PJ, Ninomiya T, Nordestgaard BG, O’Donnell C, Palmieri L, Patel A, Perel P, Price JF, Providencia R, Ridker PM, Rodriguez B, Rosengren A, Roussel R, Sakurai M, Salomaa V, Sato S, Schöttker B, Shara N, Shaw JE, Shin H-C, Simons LA, Sofianopoulou E, Sundström J, Völzke H, Wallace RB, Wareham NJ, Willeit P, Wood D, Wood A, Zhao D, Woodward M, Danaei G, Roth G, Mendis S, Onuma O, Varghese C, Ezzati M, Graham I, Jackson R, Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E, The Lancet Global Health 2019, 7, e1332. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Roth GA, Johnson C, Abajobir A, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Abyu G, Ahmed M, Aksut B, Alam T, Alam K, Alla F, Alvis-Guzman N, Amrock S, Ansari H, Ärnlöv J, Asayesh H, Atey TM, Avila-Burgos L, Awasthi A, Banerjee A, Barac A, Bärnighausen T, Barregard L, Bedi N, Belay Ketema E, Bennett D, Berhe G, Bhutta Z, Bitew S, Carapetis J, Carrero JJ, Malta DC, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castillo-Rivas J, Catalá-López F, Choi J-Y, Christensen H, Cirillo M, Cooper L, Criqui M, Cundiff D, Damasceno A, Dandona L, Dandona R, Davletov K, Dharmaratne S, Dorairaj P, Dubey M, Ehrenkranz R, El Sayed Zaki M, Faraon EJA, Esteghamati A, Farid T, Farvid M, Feigin V, Ding EL, Fowkes G, Gebrehiwot T, Gillum R, Gold A, Gona P, Gupta R, Habtewold TD, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hailu T, Hailu GB, Hankey G, Hassen HY, Abate KH, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Horino M, Hotez PJ, Jacobsen K, James S, Javanbakht M, Jeemon P, John D, Jonas J, Kalkonde Y, Karimkhani C, Kasaeian A, Khader Y, Khan A, Khang Y-H, Khera S, Khoja AT, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kolte D, Kosen S, Krohn KJ, Kumar GA, Kwan GF, Lal DK, Larsson A, Linn S, Lopez A, Lotufo PA, El Razek HMA, Malekzadeh R, Mazidi M, Meier T, Meles KG, Mensah G, Meretoja A, Mezgebe H, Miller T, Mirrakhimov E, Mohammed S, Moran AE, Musa KI, Narula J, Neal B, Ngalesoni F, Nguyen G, Obermeyer CM, Owolabi M, Patton G, Pedro J, Qato D, Qorbani M, Rahimi K, Rai RK, Rawaf S, Ribeiro A, Safiri S, Salomon JA, Santos I, Santric Milicevic M, Sartorius B, Schutte A, Sepanlou S, Shaikh MA, Shin M-J, Shishehbor M, Shore H, Silva DAS, Sobngwi E, Stranges S, Swaminathan S, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadele Atnafu N, Tesfay F, Thakur JS, Thrift A, Topor-Madry R, Truelsen T, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Uthman O, Vasankari T, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Wakayo T, Watkins D, Weintraub R, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wiysonge CS, Wolfe C, Workicho A, Xu G, Yano Y, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Younis M, Yu C, Vos T, Naghavi M, Murray C, Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2017, 70, 1. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Tsao CW, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, Alonso A, Beaton AZ, Bittencourt MS, Boehme AK, Buxton AE, Carson AP, Commodore-Mensah Y, Elkind MSV, Evenson KR, Eze-Nliam C, Ferguson JF, Generoso G, Ho JE, Kalani R, Khan SS, Kissela BM, Knutson KL, Levine DA, Lewis TT, Liu J, Loop MS, Ma J, Mussolino ME, Navaneethan SD, Perak AM, Poudel R, Rezk-Hanna M, Roth GA, Schroeder EB, Shah SH, Thacker EL, VanWagner LB, Virani SS, Voecks JH, Wang N-Y, Yaffe K, Martin SS, on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee, Circulation 2022, 145, DOI 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001052. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Hajar R, Heart Views 2017, 18, 68. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lötvall J, Hill AF, Hochberg F, Buzás EI, Di Vizio D, Gardiner C, Gho YS, Kurochkin IV, Mathivanan S, Quesenberry P, Sahoo S, Tahara H, Wauben MH, Witwer KW, Théry C, Journal of Extracellular Vesicles 2014, 3, 26913. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types