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Review
. 2022 Oct;6(10):e2200087.
doi: 10.1002/adbi.202200087. Epub 2022 Jul 1.

Bioengineering Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Lalithasri Ramasubramanian  1   2   3 , Shixian Du  1   3 , Siraj Gidda  1 , Nataliya Bahatyrevich  1 , Dake Hao  1   2 , Priyadarsini Kumar  1   2 , Aijun Wang  1   2   3
Affiliations
Review

Bioengineering Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases

Lalithasri Ramasubramanian et al. Adv Biol (Weinh). 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and interventions, there is still a crucial need for new multifaceted therapeutics that can address the complicated pathophysiological mechanisms driving CVD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are secreted by all types of cells to transport molecular cargo and regulate intracellular communication. EVs represent a growing field of nanotheranostics that can be leveraged as diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of CVD and as targeted drug delivery vesicles to promote cardiovascular repair and recovery. Though a promising tool for CVD therapy, the clinical application of EVs is limited by the inherent challenges in EV isolation, standardization, and delivery. Hence, this review will present the therapeutic potential of EVs and introduce bioengineering strategies that augment their natural functions in CVD.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; cargo loading; extracellular vesicles; nanotherapeutics; targeted delivery.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Summary of EV functions within the cardiovascular system and engineering strategies to improve therapeutic efficicacy for the the treatment of CVD.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
EVs can be engineered to 1) carry bioactive cargo, and 2) express targeting proteins on the membrane surface to improve homing and cellular uptake. Engineered EVs can be delivered using multimodal biomaterial-based, clinically relevant approaches.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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