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Review
. 2022 Aug;29(39):58561-58589.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21637-5. Epub 2022 Jul 3.

Phosphorus removal and recovery: state of the science and challenges

Mohammad Ali Zahed  1 , Samira Salehi  2 , Yasaman Tabari  3 , Hossein Farraji  4 , Saba Ataei-Kachooei  1 , Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh  5   6 , Nima Kamali  7 , Mohammad Mahjouri  8
Affiliations
Review

Phosphorus removal and recovery: state of the science and challenges

Mohammad Ali Zahed et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

Phosphorus is one of the main nutrients required for all life. Phosphorus as phosphate form plays an important role in different cellular processes. Entrance of phosphorus in the environment leads to serious ecological problems including water quality problems and soil pollution. Furthermore, it may cause eutrophication as well as harmful algae blooms (HABs) in aquatic environments. Several physical, chemical, and biological methods have been presented for phosphorus removal and recovery. In this review, there is an overview of phosphorus role in nature provided, available removal processes are discussed, and each of them is explained in detail. Chemical precipitation, ion exchange, membrane separation, and adsorption can be listed as the most used methods. Identifying advantages of these technologies will allow the performance of phosphorus removal systems to be updated, optimized, evaluate the treatment cost and benefits, and support select directions for further action. Two main applications of biochar and nanoscale materials are recommended.

Keywords: Biochar; Nanomaterial; Phosphorus recovery; Phosphorus removal; Plant nutrients.

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