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. 2022 Jun 16:13:934710.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934710. eCollection 2022.

Changes of Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides During Processing of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb

Donglin Gu  1   2 , Ying Wang  1 , Hongyu Jin  1 , Shuai Kang  1 , Yue Liu  3 , Ke Zan  1 , Jing Fan  1 , Feng Wei  1 , Shuangcheng Ma  1
Affiliations

Changes of Physicochemical Properties and Immunomodulatory Activity of Polysaccharides During Processing of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb

Donglin Gu et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (PM) have a long history of usage in traditional Chinese medicine and are still widely utilized today. PM in raw or processed form has different biological activities and is commonly used to treat different diseases. Polysaccharides are the main component of PM, and it is unclear whether their physicochemical properties and activities change after processing. In this study, the polysaccharides from thirty-one raw PM (RPMPs) and nine processed PM (PPMPs) were extracted, and the physicochemical properties and immunomodulatory activity in vitro of polysaccharide samples were evaluated. Results showed that RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in physicochemical properties. RPMPs and PPMPs were both composed of mannose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose. However, RPMPs and PPMPs had significant differences in their yields, molecular weight (Mw), and the molar ratio of Glc/GalA (p < 0.05), which can be used to distinguish raw and processed PM. The fingerprint of monosaccharide composition was analyzed by chemometrics, and it was further demonstrated that Glc and GalA could be used as differential markers. The immunomodulatory activity assays indicated that RPMPs and PPMPs could significantly enhance phagocytosis and mRNA expression of cytokines in RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity of PPMPs with lower Mw was significantly better than that of RPMPs. This study furthers the understanding of the polysaccharides from raw and processed PM and provides a reference for improving the quality standard of PM.

Keywords: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb; fingerprint; immunomodulatory activity; polysaccharides; processing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb (A) raw product, and (B) processed product.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
The HPSEC-MALLS-RID chromatograms of 40 polysaccharide samples (A) RPMPs (B) PPMPs, and (C) the representative chromatograms of RPMPs and PPMPs.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The chromatograms of 40 polysaccharide samples (A) PCD-UPLC fingerprints, and the PCD-UPLC standard referential fingerprint of RPMPs (B) and PPMPs (C).
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The score plot and loading plot of PCA from PCD-UPLC fingerprints.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
The score plot and loading plot of PLS-DA from PCD-UPLC fingerprints.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Effects of RPMPs and PPMPs on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells. Results are represented as mean ± SD, n = 6. *p < 0.05 denotes a statistically significant difference between the treated and control groups.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Effects of RPMPs and PPMPs on the mRNA expression of IL-6 (A), TNF-α (B), and iNOS (C) in RAW 264.7 cells. *p < 0.05 versus the control. The data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3).
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