Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jun 17:13:916769.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.916769. eCollection 2022.

β2-Microglobulin is a Novel and Reliable Biomarker for Predicting Ischemic Stroke Recurrence: A Prospective Cohort Study

Fu-Yong Hu  1   2 , Wentao Wu  3 , Qiuwan Liu  4 , Juncang Wu  4 , Hualing Guo  2 , Jing Yang  2 , Zhuqing Wu  4 , Ke Jiang  2 , Guoping Wang  2 , Yu Qian  5 , Wei Ge  6 , Sen Qun  2
Affiliations

β2-Microglobulin is a Novel and Reliable Biomarker for Predicting Ischemic Stroke Recurrence: A Prospective Cohort Study

Fu-Yong Hu et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Immune and inflammatory mechanisms play key roles in the development and outcome of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). β2-Microglobulin (β2M) is the light chain of major histocompatibility complex-1 (MHC-1), which can directly and quickly reflect the immune and inflammatory state of the body. Previous studies have shown a close relationship between β2M and AIS, but its relationship with the recurrence of AIS has not been reported. This study attempted to explore the relationship between β2M and the recurrence of AIS. A single-center AIS cohort involving 135 patients was followed for approximately 26-46 months. Clinical and laboratory data from the patients were collected when hospitalized. The endpoint was the occurrence of recurrent AIS after patients were discharged. Propensity score matching was used to match cohort groups. Cox regression analysis was used to predict risk factors for recurrent AIS, and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to calculate the optimal cutoff value for discriminating recurrence in patients with AIS. The rate of recurrence was 29.6% [95% CI, 21.8%-37.3%] in the follow-up group. Patients with higher levels of serum β2M had a higher risk of AIS recurrence than patients with lower levels of β2M (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.214 [95% CI, 1.557-6.633]; adjusted hazard ratio after matching, 5.831, [95% CI, 2.052-16.572]). A β2M value of 2.31 mg/L was calculated by ROC analysis as the optimal cutoff value for AIS recurrence (area under the curve 0.770, [95% CI, 0.687-0.853]). As a quick responder to the body's immune and inflammatory states, β2M may be a novel and reliable biomarker in predicting AIS recurrence.

Keywords: acute ischemic stroke; immunity and inflammation; propensity score matching; recurrence; β2-microglobulin.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Data attrition flowchart.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
(A) ROC curve analysis showed a predictive serum level of β2M for stroke recurrence. (B) Cumulative hazard (%) of recurrent stroke between the low (0, β2M ≤ 2.31 mg/L) and high (1, β2M > 2.31 mg/L) β2M groups (Log-rank test, χ2 = 23.840, p < 0.001).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Aarnio K., Haapaniemi E., Melkas S., Kaste M., Tatlisumak T., Putaala J. (2014). Long-term Mortality after First-Ever and Recurrent Stroke in Young Adults. Stroke 45 (9), 2670–2676. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.114.005648 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Amighi J., Hoke M., Mlekusch W., Schlager O., Exner M., Haumer M., et al. (2011). Beta 2 Microglobulin and the Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis. Stroke 42 (7), 1826–1833. 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.600312 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ardeniz Ö., Unger S., Onay H., Ammann S., Keck C., Cianga C., et al. (2015). β2-Microglobulin Deficiency Causes a Complex Immunodeficiency of the Innate and Adaptive Immune System. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 136 (2), 392–401. 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1937 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Boehme A. K., Esenwa C., Elkind M. S. (2017). Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention. Circ. Res. 120 (3), 472–495. 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308398 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bushnell C., Zimmer L., Schwamm L., Goldstein L. B., Clapp-Channing N., Harding T., et al. (2009). The Adherence eValuation after Ischemic Stroke Longitudinal (AVAIL) Registry: Design, Rationale, and Baseline Patient Characteristics. Am. Heart J. 157 (3), 428–e2. 10.1016/j.ahj.2008.11.002 - DOI - PubMed