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. 2022 Oct;24(5):e13900.
doi: 10.1111/tid.13900.

Impact of narrowing perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for left ventricular assist device implantation

Lauren Allen  1 , Rachel Bartash  2 , Grace Y Minamoto  2 , Kelsie Cowman  2   3 , Snehal Patel  4 , Sasa Vukelic  4 , Daryl U Nnani  1 , Daphenie Fauvel  4 , Yi Guo  1
Affiliations

Impact of narrowing perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis for left ventricular assist device implantation

Lauren Allen et al. Transpl Infect Dis. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Background: Although infections are a significant potential complication among patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, standardized surgical infection prophylaxis (SIP) regimens are not well defined. At Montefiore Medical Center, a 4-drug SIP regimen containing fluconazole, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin was previously utilized. In January 2020, the antimicrobial stewardship program implemented a 2-drug SIP regimen of vancomycin and cefazolin to limit exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. This study evaluated LVAD-associated infection rates prior to and following the SIP revision.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent LVAD implantation from 1/2018 to 4/2021 was performed. Infections were classified using the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation definitions. Infection rates at 2 weeks, 30 days, and 90 days post-implantation in the 4-drug SIP regimen (1/2018-12/2019) and the 2-drug SIP regimen (1/2020 to 4/2021) were compared.

Results: A total of 71 patients were included. The number of patients with LVAD-associated infections (including surgical site infections) was not significantly different in either SIP group at 2 weeks (9% vs. 4%, p = .64), 30 days (9% vs. 11%, p = .99), or 90 days (19% vs. 14%, p = .75). There was no statistically significant difference in 30 or 90-day mortality. LVAD-associated gram-negative (7% vs. 7%; p > .99) and fungal (5% vs. 0%; p = .51) infections were uncommon. The most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus, and the most common type of infection was pneumonia in both SIP groups.

Conclusion: No significant difference in LVAD-associated infections or infection-related mortality was observed with de-escalation of perioperative antibiotics. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to endorse the findings of this study.

Keywords: LVAD-associated infections; antimicrobial stewardship; device infection; left ventricular assist devices; surgical infection prophylaxis; surgical site infections.

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References

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