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. 2023 Feb;280(2):671-680.
doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07536-y. Epub 2022 Jul 5.

A three-dimensionally printed otological model for cholesteatoma mastoidectomy training

Marcos Antonio de Souza  1 , Ricardo Ferreira Bento  2 , Paula Tardim Lopes  2
Affiliations

A three-dimensionally printed otological model for cholesteatoma mastoidectomy training

Marcos Antonio de Souza et al. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023 Feb.

Abstract

Purpose: To relate the creation and expert validation (face and content validity) of an affordable three-dimensional (3-D) printed model of temporal bones with chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma (COMC) as a simulator for mastoidectomy.

Methods: We performed computed tomography (CT) of the temporal bones of a patient with COMC followed at the University of São Paulo (USP) Hospital with 3-D Slicer to create a 3-D model of the affected bone using light-curing resin and silicone (cholesteatoma). The final 3-D printed images were scored by 10 otologists using a customized version of the Michigan Standard Simulation Scale Experience (MiSSES). Internal consistency and inter-rater reliability were assessed using Cronbach's α and intraclass correlations.

Results: Otologists consistently scored the model positively for fidelity, educational value, reactions, and the overall model quality. Nine otologists agreed that the model was a good educational device for surgical training of COMC. All experts deemed the model ready-or nearly ready-for use. The final cost of the model, including raw materials and manufacturing, was 120 USD.

Conclusions: Using 3-D printing technology, we created the first anatomically accurate, low-cost, disease-reproducing 3-D model of temporal bones for mastoidectomy training for cholesteatoma.

Keywords: 3-D printing; Cholesteatoma; ENT (otolaryngology); Mastoidectomy; Surgical simulator.

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