Neurological Complications and Clinical Outcomes of Infective Endocarditis

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to explore the clinical features associated with neurological complications of infective endocarditis (IE) and to assess the impact of neurological complications on clinical outcomes.

Materials and methods: The frequency of relevant clinical features was compared in a case series of IE patients with and without neurological complications admitted to a single health care system from 2015 to 2019. Variables with significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in baseline characteristics in univariate logistic regression models were entered into multivariable models along with age to determine associations with neurological complications, unfavorable discharge outcomes (modified Rankin score ≥ 3), and in-hospital mortality.

Results: 260 patients with a mean age of 51 (±18) years and 103 (40%) females were included. Neurological complications occurred in 165 (63%) patients, with the most common being septic emboli (66 patients, 25%). In the regression analyses, antiplatelet usage (aOR 1.87, 95% CI [1.05-3.32]) and mitral valve vegetations (aOR 2.66, 95% CI [1.22-5.79]) were independently associated with neurological complications. Territorial infarction (aOR 4.13, 95% CI [1.89-9.06]) and encephalopathy (aOR 3.95, 95% CI [1.19-13.05]) were associated with an increased risk of unfavorable outcome, while cardiac surgery was associated with a lower risk of both unfavorable outcome (aOR 0.40, 95% CI [0.22-0.71]) and in-hospital mortality (aOR 0.18, 95% CI [0.09-0.35]).

Conclusions: Neurological complications are common in IE patients and are associated with mitral valve endocarditis and antiplatelet usage. Of the neurological complications, territorial infarcts and encephalopathy are associated with unfavorable discharge outcomes.

Keywords: Cerebrovascular diseases; Infective endocarditis; Neuroimaging; Stroke.