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. 2022 Jun;11(6):813-824.
doi: 10.21037/tp-21-371.

Prevalence and risk factors for congenital heart defects among children in the Multi-Ethnic Yunnan Region of China

Yu Cao #  1   2 , Rongzhong Huang #  1   2 , Ruize Kong  1   2 , Hongrong Li  1   2 , Hong Zhang  3   4 , Yaxiong Li  5   6 , Liwen Liang  3   4 , Da Xiong  1   2 , Shen Han  5   6 , Liang Zhou  3   4 , Junyin Guo  3   4 , Guolin Dai  1   2 , Mingyao Meng  7 , Hongbo Lou  3   4 , Zongliu Hou  7 , Lihong Jiang  1   2
Affiliations

Prevalence and risk factors for congenital heart defects among children in the Multi-Ethnic Yunnan Region of China

Yu Cao et al. Transl Pediatr. 2022 Jun.

Abstract

Background: To determine the congenital heart defect (CHD) prevalence and identify the associated risk factors in children within the multi-ethnic Yunnan Region of China.

Methods: This is a prospective matched case-control screening study. Screening for CHD in children residing within 28 county districts of Yunnan Province during the period of January 2001 to December 2016 was conducted. A total of 2,421 and CHD cohort and 24,210 control cohort were derived from a total population of 400,855 children (under 18 years of age).

Results: A total of 2,421 children were diagnosed with CHD, yielding a CHD prevalence of 6.04 cases per 1,000 children. The prevalence of CHD by sex was 6.54 per 1,000 females versus 5.59 per 1,000 males. The ethnic groups displaying the highest CHD prevalence were the Lisu (15.51 per 1,000), Achang (13.18 per 1,000), Jingpo (12.32 per 1,000), Naxi (9.68 per 1,000), and Tibetan (8.57 per 1,000), respectively. The most common CHD was atrial septal defect, amounting to 1.94 instances per 1,000 children. We identified a number of child-associated parameters that significantly correlated with greater CHD risk, such as lower mass at birth, shorter duration of gestation, and younger age at the time of screening. We also identified a number of maternal and familial risk factors.

Conclusions: This ultrasonic color Doppler imaging study revealed a relatively commonplace prevalence of CHD. Moreover, the prevalence of CHD in Yunnan Region significantly varied with sex and ethnic status. Certain child-associated, maternal, and familial risk factors may contribute to CHD risk.

Keywords: China; Doppler imaging; Epidemiology; congenital heart defect; congenital heart defect (CHD); risk factor.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tp.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tp-21-371/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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