Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 May;11(5):1851-1857.
doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1326_20. Epub 2022 May 14.

Prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among antenatal women in rural Kozhikode, Kerala

Meera S Nair  1 , Lucy Raphael  2 , Priya Chandran  3
Affiliations

Prevalence of anaemia and associated factors among antenatal women in rural Kozhikode, Kerala

Meera S Nair et al. J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 May.

Abstract

Context: Anemia in pregnancy is a significant public health concern with detrimental aftereffects on maternal and fetal well-being universally, especially in developing countries like India.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in rural areas of Kozhikode by hemoglobin estimation and to study the selected factors associated with anemia.

Settings and design: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 295 antenatal women in all three trimesters residing in six selected panchayats of Kozhikode district from July 2016 to March 2017.

Materials and methods: The cluster sampling method was followed. Data were obtained from antenatal women, applying a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin estimation was done using the Humacount 30TS automated hematology analyzer.

Statistical analysis used: Data were analyzed using SPSS 18 software.

Results: The prevalence of anemia was 40%. Of this, 30.5% had mild anemia and 9.5% had moderate anemia. There were no cases of severe anemia. The prevalence was more in the second trimester. Factors such as excess menstrual blood loss prior to present pregnancy, early age at first delivery, trimester, and parity were found to be significantly associated with anemia.

Conclusion: Anemia continues to be a serious public health problem. Health system should pay more attention on different factors that contribute to anemia, and planners should formulate an apt policy and implement necessary changes in existing programs.

Keywords: Anemia; pregnancy; prevalence; trimester.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. International Institute for Population Sciences. District Fact Sheet, Kozhikode, Kerala. District Level Household Survey 4 Kozhikode report 2012-2013. [Last accessed on 2018 Feb 07]. Available from: https://nrhm-mis.nic.in/DLHS4/Kerala/District%20Factsheets/Kozhikode.pdf .
    1. WHO-haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. [Last accessed on 2020 Jan 25]. Available from: http://www.who.int/vmnis/indicators/haemoglobin.pdf?ua=1 .
    1. Kumar BPR, Dudala SR, Rao AR. Kuppuswamy socio-economic status scale a revision of economic parameter for 2012. Int J Res Dev Health. 2013;1:2–4.
    1. De Benoist B, Cogswell M, Egli I, McLean E. Worldwide Prevalence of Anaemia 1993-2005:WHO Global Database on Anaemia. World Health Organization; Geneva, Switzerland; 2008.
    1. International Institute for Population Sciences. India Fact Sheet. National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4) 2016a. [Last accessed on 2019 Sep 02]. Available from: http://www.rchiips.org/nfhs/pdf/NFHS4/India.pdf .