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. 2022 Jun 20:10:858455.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.858455. eCollection 2022.

Trends and Disparities in the Incidence of Intraocular Foreign Bodies 1990-2019: A Global Analysis

Minjie Yuan  1 , Qianyi Lu  2
Affiliations

Trends and Disparities in the Incidence of Intraocular Foreign Bodies 1990-2019: A Global Analysis

Minjie Yuan et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to provide trends and disparities in the incidence of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries by region, country, socio-demographic index (SDI), age, and sex.

Methods: The global, regional and national number of incident cases as well as age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of IOFBs were attained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (GBD 2019). To estimate the trend of ASIR of IOFBs, the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated from 1990 to 2019.

Results: Globally, although ASIR of IOFBs decreased with an EAPC of -0.93% [95% uncertainty interval (UI) -1.1 to -0.76] from 1990 to 2019, ASIR of IOFBs increased from 2008 to 2019. From 35.79 million (95% UI 23.62-50.89) in 1990 to 46.63 million (95% UI 32.45-64.45) in 2019, the number of IOFB incident cases worldwide increased by 30.29% (95% UI 19.63-43.55). The incidence of IOFBs varied by region and country, and it was closely related to socio-economic development. Furthermore, while ASIR of IOFBs was high in the young population aged 15-49 years, we observed a significant increase in the number of IOFB incident cases in older adults when compared to other age groups. In terms of sex, males accounted for the vast majority of IOFB incident cases.

Conclusions: The global ASIR of IOFBs is on the rise, with an increase in incident cases, designating IOFBs as a global health challenge. The incidence of IOFBs cases is directly related to geographic location, socio-economic status, age, sex, and other factors. Our findings could be useful for the control and prevention of IOFBs.

Keywords: Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD); epidemiology; incidence; intraocular foreign bodies; trends.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Time trends of the global disease incidence of IOFBs from 1990 to 2019. (A) IOFBs burden in terms of ASIR per 100,000 persons; (B) IOFBs burden in terms of the number of incident cases × 100,000 persons. IOFBs, intraocular foreign bodies; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Choropleth maps showing geographic variation in ASIR of IOFBs. (A) ASIR per 100,000 persons in 2019; (B) EAPC of ASIR between 1990 and 2019; (C) Change in absolute number of incident cases from 1990 to 2019 (%). ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; IOFBs, intraocular foreign bodies; EAPC, estimated annual percent change.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Time trends of the global burden of IOFBs in terms of ASIR (per 100,000 persons) from 1990 to 2019 by SDI and sex. IOFBs, intraocular foreign bodies; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; SDI, socio-demographic index.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Global sex-specific IOFBs burden by regions in terms of ASIR (per 100,000 persons) in 1990, 2005, and 2019. IOFBs, intraocular foreign bodies; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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