Effects of Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Different Gas Ratios on the Quality Changes of Golden Pompano (Trachinotus ovatus) Fillets during Superchilling Storage

Abstract

The quality changes of golden pompano fillets in air packaging (AP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with 30% CO2/70% N2, 50% CO2/50% N2, and 70% CO2/30% N2 were evaluated under superchilling (−3 °C). The results showed that the whiteness of fillets decreased during storage. The rate of pH increase of MAP was significantly slower than in AP groups, in which MAP with 70% CO2/30% N2 effectively suppressed the PH. Interestingly, the hardness decreased on day five following the treatments, followed by a relatively stationary trend. MAP could greatly suppress the increase of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) contents of fillets compared to fillets packed in AP. All MAP groups of fillets maintained first-grade freshness throughout storage, while the AP samples decreased to second-grade freshness on about the 25th day. MAP with 70% CO2/30% N2 and MAP with 50% CO2/50% N2 had the best results in inhibiting protein degeneration and explanation. Unexpectedly, drip loss of fillets in MAP far exceeded the AP group during storage, which causes sensory discomfort. Anaerobic plate count (APC) of fillets in AP exceeded the consumption limit of 6.7 log CFU/g on day 26 (6.75 log CFU/g on the 26th day), whereas the MAP was still microbiologically acceptable after 30 days of storage (6.43, 6.41, 6.22 log CFU/g, respectively). Considering physicochemical and microbiological parameters, the shelf life of fillets packed in AP was 25 days. MAP treatments could prolong the shelf life of fillets by ~4−5 days compared to AP. Overall, MAP with 70% CO2/30% N2 gas ratio was best for inhibiting the quality deterioration of fillets. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed to evaluate the critical indicators of quality deterioration of the fillets. Two principal components were determined by dimensionality reduction, in which the contribution of the first principal component was centrifugal loss > hardness > TVB-N > APC > CO2 solubility > TBARs > drip loss > pH, which mainly reflected the degree of microbial proliferation, protein hydrolysis, and oxidation. The contribution of the second principal component was pH > TBRAs > drip loss > APC > CO2 solubility > TVB-N > hardness > centrifugal loss, indicating a high correlation between lipid oxidation and microbial proliferation index.

Keywords: Trachinotus ovatus; golden pompano; modified atmosphere packaging; physicochemical properties; principal component analysis; superchilling storage.

Figure 1

Images of golden pompano (A), fillet sample (B) and packaging method (C).

Figure 2

Effect of different gas components packaging on drip loss (A), centrifugal loss (B), cooking loss (C), hardness (D) and elasticity (E) of golden pompano fillets during storage (−3 °C). Packaging system: AP (control group), MAP1 (30% CO₂/70% N₂), MAP2 (50% CO₂/50% N₂), MAP3 (70% CO₂/30% N₂). Bars indicate the standard error. Different uppercase letters (A–F) indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) in means (n = 3) between display times within the same packaging system; different lowercase letters (a–d) indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) in means (n = 3) between packaging systems on the same day.

Figure 3

Effect of different gas components packaging on whiteness (A), CO₂ solubility (B) and pH value (C), APC (D), TVB-N value (E) and TBARs value (F) of golden pompano fillets during storage (−3 °C). Packaging system: AP (control group), MAP1 (30% CO₂/70% N₂), MAP2 (50% CO₂/50% N₂), MAP3 (70% CO₂/30% N₂). Bars indicate the standard error. Different uppercase letters (A–G) indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) in means (n = 3) between display times within the same packaging system; different lowercase letters (a–d) indicate significant difference (p < 0.05) of means (n = 3) between packaging systems on the same day.