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. 2022 Jun 28;14(13):3161.
doi: 10.3390/cancers14133161.

Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Glioblastoma

Nicholas F Brown  1 , Diego Ottaviani  1   2 , John Tazare  3 , John Gregson  3 , Neil Kitchen  4 , Sebastian Brandner  5   6 , Naomi Fersht  1 , Paul Mulholland  1   2
Affiliations

Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Factors in Glioblastoma

Nicholas F Brown et al. Cancers (Basel). .

Abstract

Background: IDH-wildtype glioblastoma is the most common malignant primary brain tumour in adults. As there is limited information on prognostic factors outside of clinical trials; thus, we conducted a retrospective study to characterise the glioblastoma population at our centre. Methods: Demographic, tumour molecular profiles, treatment, and survival data were collated for patients diagnosed with glioblastoma at our centre between July 2011 and December 2015. We used multivariate proportional hazard model associations with survival. Results: 490 patients were included; 60% had debulking surgery and 40% biopsy only. Subsequently, 56% had standard chemoradiotherapy, 25% had non-standard chemo/radio-therapy, and 19% had no further treatment. Overall survival was 9.2 months. In the multivariate analysis, longer survival was associated with debulking surgery vs. biopsy alone (14.9 vs. 8 months) (HR 0.54 [95% CI 0.41−0.70]), subsequent treatment after diagnosis (HR 0.12 [0.08−0.16]) (standard chemoradiotherapy [16.9 months] vs. non-standard regimens [9.2 months] vs. none [2.0 months]), tumour MGMT promotor methylation (HR 0.71 [0.58−0.87]), and younger age (hazard ratio vs. age < 50: 1.70 [1.26−2.30] for ages 50−59; 3.53 [2.65−4.70] for ages 60−69; 4.82 [3.54−6.56] for ages 70+). Conclusions: The median survival for patients with glioblastoma is less than a year. Younger age, debulking surgery, treatment with chemoradiotherapy, and MGMT promotor methylation are independently associated with longer survival.

Keywords: IDH; MGMT; biomarker; glioblastoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Patient characteristics by age category. p-values indicate the significance of observed differences between age groups for each variable.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan−Meier survival estimates: (a) overall survival; (b) age at diagnosis; (c) tumour IDH mutation; (d) tumour MGMT methylation; (e) debulking surgery vs. biopsy alone; (f) chemo/radio-therapy after diagnosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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