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Review
. 2022 Jul 5;23(13):7471.
doi: 10.3390/ijms23137471.

Next RNA Therapeutics: The Mine of Non-Coding

Sabrina Garbo  1 , Rossella Maione  1 , Marco Tripodi  1   2 , Cecilia Battistelli  1
Affiliations
Review

Next RNA Therapeutics: The Mine of Non-Coding

Sabrina Garbo et al. Int J Mol Sci. .

Abstract

The growing knowledge on several classes of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their different functional roles has aroused great interest in the scientific community. Beyond the Central Dogma of Biology, it is clearly known that not all RNAs code for protein products, and they exert a broader repertoire of biological functions. As described in this review, ncRNAs participate in gene expression regulation both at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and represent critical elements driving and controlling pathophysiological processes in multicellular organisms. For this reason, in recent years, a great boost was given to ncRNA-based strategies with potential therapeutic abilities, and nowadays, the use of RNA molecules is experimentally validated and actually exploited in clinics to counteract several diseases. In this review, we summarize the principal classes of therapeutic ncRNA molecules that are potentially implied in disease onset and progression, which are already used in clinics or under clinical trials, highlighting the advantages and the need for a targeted therapeutic strategy design. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits and the limits of RNA therapeutics and the ongoing development of delivery strategies to limit the off-target effects and to increase the translational application.

Keywords: RNA therapeutics; delivery strategies; ncRNAs.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the management of the manuscript.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic representation of hammerhead ribozymes mechanism of action.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of (A) CIRTS, (B) RESCUE, (C) RESTORE, and (D) LEAPER RNA editing approaches.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic representation of (A) CIRTS, (B) RESCUE, (C) RESTORE, and (D) LEAPER RNA editing approaches.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic representation of aptamers engineering on receptor inhibition, drug delivery, and therapeutic RNA vehiculation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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