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Review
. 2022 Jun 21;27(13):3994.
doi: 10.3390/molecules27133994.

Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents

Mohammed F Arshad  1 , Aftab Alam  2 , Abdullah Ayed Alshammari  3 , Mohammed Bader Alhazza  3 , Ibrahim Mohammed Alzimam  3 , Md Anish Alam  1 , Gulam Mustafa  4 , Md Salahuddin Ansari  5 , Abdulelah M Alotaibi  6 , Abdullah A Alotaibi  6 , Suresh Kumar  7 , Syed Mohammed Basheeruddin Asdaq  8 , Mohd Imran  9 , Pran Kishore Deb  10 , Katharigatta N Venugopala  11   12 , Shahamah Jomah  13
Affiliations
Review

Thiazole: A Versatile Standalone Moiety Contributing to the Development of Various Drugs and Biologically Active Agents

Mohammed F Arshad et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

For many decades, the thiazole moiety has been an important heterocycle in the world of chemistry. The thiazole ring consists of sulfur and nitrogen in such a fashion that the pi (π) electrons are free to move from one bond to other bonds rendering aromatic ring properties. On account of its aromaticity, the ring has many reactive positions where donor-acceptor, nucleophilic, oxidation reactions, etc., may take place. Molecules containing a thiazole ring, when entering physiological systems, behave unpredictably and reset the system differently. These molecules may activate/stop the biochemical pathways and enzymes or stimulate/block the receptors in the biological systems. Therefore, medicinal chemists have been focusing their efforts on thiazole-bearing compounds in order to develop novel therapeutic agents for a variety of pathological conditions. This review attempts to inform the readers on three major classes of thiazole-bearing molecules: Thiazoles as treatment drugs, thiazoles in clinical trials, and thiazoles in preclinical and developmental stages. A compilation of preclinical and developmental thiazole-bearing molecules is presented, focusing on their brief synthetic description and preclinical studies relating to structure-based activity analysis. The authors expect that the current review may succeed in drawing the attention of medicinal chemists to finding new leads, which may later be translated into new drugs.

Keywords: aromaticity; donor-acceptor reaction; nitrogen; oxidation reaction; sulfur; thiazole.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors report no declarations of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Some of the active pharmaceutical ingredients bearing thiazole ring.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Some of the active pharmaceutical ingredients bearing thiazole ring.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Recently planned and produced thiazoles as potential anticonvulsant agents.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Thiazoles that have recently been designed and produced as possible anticancer agents.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Thiazoles that have recently been designed and produced as possible anticancer agents.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Thiazoles that were recently designed and produced as possible anti-microbial agents.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Thiazoles that were recently designed and produced as possible anti-microbial agents.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential anti-tubercular agents.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential anti-tubercular agents.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential anti-tubercular agents.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Thiazoles that have recently been developed and synthesized as possible antimalarial medicines.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Thiazoles that have recently been developed and synthesized as possible antimalarial medicines.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Thiazoles that have recently been developed and synthesized as possible antimalarial medicines.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Thiazoles that have recently been designed and produced as possible antiviral drugs.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Thiazoles that have recently been designed and produced as possible antiviral drugs.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Thiazoles that have recently been planned and synthesized as possible anti-Alzheimer medicines.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Thiazoles that have recently been planned and synthesized as possible anti-Alzheimer medicines.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Thiazoles that have recently been planned and synthesized as possible anti-Alzheimer medicines.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential anti-diabetic agents.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential anti-diabetic agents.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential A1-receptor antagonist.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential other bioactive agents.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Recently designed and synthesized thiazoles as potential other bioactive agents.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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