Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2022 Jul 2;22(13):5013.
doi: 10.3390/s22135013.

Efficient Middleware for the Portability of PaaS Services Consuming Applications among Heterogeneous Clouds

Salil Bharany  1 , Kiranbir Kaur  1 , Sumit Badotra  2 , Shalli Rani  3 , Kavita  4 , Marcin Wozniak  5 , Jana Shafi  6 , Muhammad Fazal Ijaz  7
Affiliations
Review

Efficient Middleware for the Portability of PaaS Services Consuming Applications among Heterogeneous Clouds

Salil Bharany et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

Cloud providers create a vendor-locked-in environment by offering proprietary and non-standard APIs, resulting in a lack of interoperability and portability among clouds. To overcome this deterrent, solutions must be developed to exploit multiple clouds efficaciously. This paper proposes a middleware platform to mitigate the application portability issue among clouds. A literature review is also conducted to analyze the solutions for application portability. The middleware allows an application to be ported on various platform-as-a-service (PaaS) clouds and supports deploying different services of an application on disparate clouds. The efficiency of the abstraction layer is validated by experimentation on an application that uses the message queue, Binary Large Objects (BLOB), email, and short message service (SMS) services of various clouds via the proposed middleware against the same application using these services via their native code. The experimental results show that adding this middleware mildly affects the latency, but it dramatically reduces the developer's overhead of implementing each service for different clouds to make it portable.

Keywords: middleware; multi-clouds; platform as a service; platform services; vendor lock-in.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Architecture diagram of the proposed middleware.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Class diagram for proposed methodology.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Performance overhead of BLOB storage service and message queue service.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Performance overheads of email service and SMS service.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cloud-to-cloud scenario.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Multi-cloud scenario.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Hybrid cloud scenario.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Kostoska M., Gusev M., Ristov S. Future Access Enablers of Ubiquitous and Intelligent Infrastructures, Proceedings of the FABULOUS 2015, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia, 23–25 September 2015. Volume 159. Springer; Cham, Switzerland: 2015. An overview of cloud portability; pp. 248–254. - DOI
    1. Petcu D. Consuming Resources and Services from Multiple Clouds: From Terminology to Cloudware Support. J. Grid Comput. 2014;12:321–345. doi: 10.1007/s10723-013-9290-3. - DOI
    1. Kolb S., Wirtz G. Towards Application Portability in Platform as a Service; Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 8th International Symposium on Service Oriented System Engineering; Oxford, UK. 7–11 April 2014; pp. 218–229.
    1. Gonidis F., Paraskakis I., Kourtesis D. Addressing the Challenge of Application Portability in Cloud Platforms; Proceedings of the 7th South-East European Doctoral Student Conference; Thessaloniki, Greece. 24–25 September 2012; pp. 565–576.
    1. Bojanova I. Cloud Interoperability and Portability II. IEEE Computer Society; Washington, DC, USA: 2013.

LinkOut - more resources