Review

. 2022 Jun 30;14(13):2691.

doi: 10.3390/polym14132691.

Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD/CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Saurabh Jain¹, Mohammed E Sayed^{1

2}, Mallika Shetty³, Saeed M Alqahtani⁴, Mohammed Hussain Dafer Al Wadei⁵, Shilpi Gilra Gupta⁶, Ahlam Abdulsalam Ahmed Othman⁷, Abdulkarim Hussain Alshehri¹, Hatem Alqarni⁸, Abdulaziz Hussain Mobarki⁹, Khalid Motlaq¹⁰, Haifa F Bakmani¹¹, Asma A Zain¹¹, Abdullah J Hakami¹¹, Moayad F Sheayria¹²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
² Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
³ Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru 575018, India.
⁴ Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Prosthodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore 452001, India.
⁷ Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a 421302, Yemen.
⁸ Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Private Dental Practice, Jeddah 22361, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 35808735
PMCID: PMC9269394
DOI: 10.3390/polym14132691

Review

Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD/CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Saurabh Jain et al. Polymers (Basel). 2022.

. 2022 Jun 30;14(13):2691.

doi: 10.3390/polym14132691.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
² Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07103, USA.
³ Department of Prosthodontics, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangaluru 575018, India.
⁴ Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Prosthodontics, Government College of Dentistry, Indore 452001, India.
⁷ Department of Fixed Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sana'a University, Sana'a 421302, Yemen.
⁸ Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 14611, Saudi Arabia.
⁹ Department of Prosthodontics Dentistry, Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia, Jazan 82511, Saudi Arabia.
¹⁰ Restorative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia.
¹¹ College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia.
¹² Private Dental Practice, Jeddah 22361, Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 35808735
PMCID: PMC9269394
DOI: 10.3390/polym14132691

Abstract

Newly introduced provisional crowns and fixed dental prostheses (FDP) materials should exhibit good physical and mechanical properties necessary to serve the purpose of their fabrication. The aim of this systematic literature review and meta-analysis is to evaluate the articles comparing the physical and mechanical properties of 3D-printed provisional crown and FDP resin materials with CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Designing/Computer-Aided Manufacturing) milled and conventional provisional resins. Indexed English literature up to April 2022 was systematically searched for articles using the following electronic databases: MEDLINE-PubMed, Web of Science (core collection), Scopus, and the Cochrane library. This systematic review was structured based on the guidelines given by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The focused PICO/PECO (Participant, Intervention/exposure, Comparison, Outcome) question was: 'Do 3D-printed (P) provisional crowns and FDPs (I) have similar physical and mechanical properties (O) when compared to CAD/CAM milled and other conventionally fabricated ones (C)'. Out of eight hundred and ninety-six titles, which were recognized after a primary search, twenty-five articles were included in the qualitative analysis, and their quality analysis was performed using the modified CONSORT scale. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, only twelve articles were included for quantitative analysis. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that 3D-printed provisional crown and FDP resin materials have superior mechanical properties but inferior physical properties compared to CAD/CAM milled and other conventionally fabricated ones. Three-dimensionally printed provisional crowns and FDP materials can be used as an alternative to conventional and CAD/CAM milled long-term provisional materials.

Keywords: 3D printing; CAD/CAM; PMMA; color stability; flexural strength; fracture strength; mechanical properties; modulus of elasticity; peak stress; physical properties; provisional crowns; provisional dental resins; provisional fixed dental prosthesis; surface roughness; water absorption and solubility; wear resistance.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Figure 1**
Article selection strategy based on PRISMA guidelines.

**Figure 2**
Forest plot comparing color change between 3D-Printed MMA Resin and CAD/CAM milled PMMA resin.

**Figure 3**
Forest plot comparing color change between 3D-printed hybrid resin and conventional PMMA resin.

**Figure 4**
Forest plot comparing color change between 3D-printed hybrid resin and conventional PMMA resin.

**Figure 5**
Forest plot comparing fracture strength between 3D-printed PMMA resin and CAD/CAM milled PMMA resin.

**Figure 6**
Forest plot comparing fracture strength between 3D-printed PMMA resin and conventional PMMA resin.

**Figure 7**
Forest plot comparing fracture strength between 3D-printed PMMA resin and conventional bBis-acrylic resin.

**Figure 8**
Forest plot comparing surface roughness between 3D-printed PMMA resin and conventional PMMA resin.

**Figure 9**
Forest plot comparing surface roughness between 3D-printed PMMA resin and conventional bBis-acrylic resin.

**Figure 10**
Forest plot comparing the surface roughness between 3D-printed hybrid composite resin and conventional PMMA resin.

**Figure 11**
Forest plot comparing surface roughness between 3D-hybrid composite resin and conventional bBis-acrylic resin.

**Figure 12**
Forest plot comparing surface roughness between 3D-hybrid composite resin and CAD/CAM milled PMMA resin.

**Figure 13**
Forest plot comparing wear resistance between 3D-printed PMMA resin and CAD/CAM milled PMMA resin.

**Figure 14**
Forest plot comparing flexural strength between 3D-printed PMMA resin and CAD/CAM milled PMMA resin.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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1. Yao J., Li J., Wang Y., Huang H. Comparison of the flexural strength and marginal accuracy of traditional and CAD/CAM interim materials before and after thermal cycling. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2014;112:649–657. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.01.012. - DOI - PubMed
1. Rayyan M.M., Aboushelib M., Sayed N.M., Ibrahim A., Jimbo R. Comparison of interim restorations fabricated by CAD/CAM with those fabricated manually. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2015;114:414–419. doi: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.03.007. - DOI - PubMed
1. Singla M., Padmaja K., Arora J., Shah A. Provisional restorations in fixed prosthodontics. Int. Dent. Res. 2014;1:148–151.

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD/CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Physical and Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Provisional Crowns and Fixed Dental Prosthesis Resins Compared to CAD/CAM Milled and Conventional Provisional Resins: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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