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Review
. 2022 Jun 23:13:904001.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.904001. eCollection 2022.

Metabolic Syndrome-Related Kidney Injury: A Review and Update

Lirong Lin  1 , Wei Tan  1 , Xianfeng Pan  2 , En Tian  1 , Zhifeng Wu  1 , Jurong Yang  1
Affiliations
Review

Metabolic Syndrome-Related Kidney Injury: A Review and Update

Lirong Lin et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) includes visceral obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS is 20-25%, which is an important risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). MetS causes effects on renal pathophysiology, including glomerular hyperfiltration, RAAS, microalbuminuria, profibrotic factors and podocyte injury. This review compares several criteria of MetS and analyzes their differences. MetS and the pathogenesis of CKD includes insulin resistance, obesity, dyslipidemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. The intervention of MetS-related renal damage is the focus of this article and includes controlling body weight, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia, requiring all components to meet the criteria. In addition, interventions such as endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, body metabolism, appetite inhibition, podocyte apoptosis, and mesenchymal stem cells are reviewed.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; diagnosis; metabolic syndrome; pathological characteristics; therapeutics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The pathogenesis of MetS-related kidney injury.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kidney pathological characteristics for patients with MetS. Tubular atrophy (arrows) and interstitial fibrosis (arrowheads), PASM. This picture is from Mariam P et al., 2009 (98).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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