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. 2022 Jun 23:13:928509.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.928509. eCollection 2022.

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Select Bacteria From Retail Seafood-United States, 2019

Heather Tate  1 , Sherry Ayers  1 , Epiphanie Nyirabahizi  1 , Cong Li  1 , Stacey Borenstein  1 , Shenia Young  1 , Crystal Rice-Trujillo  1 , Sanchez Saint Fleurant  1 , Sonya Bodeis-Jones  1 , Xunde Li  2 , Melissa Tobin-D'Angelo  3 , Victoriya Volkova  4 , Rachel Hardy  5 , Lisa Mingle  6 , Nkuchia M M'ikanatha  7 , Laura Ruesch  8 , Chris A Whitehouse  1 , Gregory H Tyson  1 , Errol Strain  1 , Patrick F McDermott  1
Affiliations

Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Select Bacteria From Retail Seafood-United States, 2019

Heather Tate et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

In 2019, the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) surveyed raw salmon, shrimp, and tilapia from retail grocery outlets in eight states to assess the prevalence of bacterial contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the isolates. Prevalence of the targeted bacterial genera ranged among the commodities: Salmonella (0%-0.4%), Aeromonas (19%-26%), Vibrio (7%-43%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (0.8%-2.3%), Staphylococcus (23%-30%), and Enterococcus (39%-66%). Shrimp had the highest odds (OR: 2.8, CI: 2.0-3.9) of being contaminated with at least one species of these bacteria, as were seafood sourced from Asia vs. North America (OR: 2.7; CI: 1.8-4.7) and Latin America and the Caribbean vs. North America (OR: 1.6; CI: 1.1-2.3) and seafood sold at the counter vs. sold frozen (OR: 2.1; CI: 1.6-2.9). Isolates exhibited pan-susceptibility (Salmonella and P. aeruginosa) or low prevalence of resistance (<10%) to most antimicrobials tested, with few exceptions. Seafood marketed as farm-raised had lower odds of contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria compared to wild-caught seafood (OR: 0.4, CI: 0.2-0.7). Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected for various classes of medically important antimicrobials. Clinically relevant ARGs included carbapenemases (bla IMI-2, bla NDM-1) and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs; bla CTX-M-55). This population-scale study of AMR in seafood sold in the United States provided the basis for NARMS seafood monitoring, which began in 2020.

Keywords: National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System; United States; antimicrobial resistance; retail food; seafood.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Prevalence of the target bacterial genera and presumptive carbapenem resistant microorganisms in the seafood samples collected from retail food stores in eight states in 2019.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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