Progress towards elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030 in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region, 2019

Abstract

The WHO Global Health Sector Strategy and hepatitis regional action plan for the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) proposed strategic directions for countries to progress towards the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030. In 2019, we reviewed progress to gain a picture of current pressures and identify priority actions for member states to reach this goal. We collected data from country, regional, and global reports published in 2015-19, questionnaires completed by countries, and convened a regional consultation with programme managers and partners. We analysed these data along three thematic areas: governance and finance, strategic information, and service delivery. 15 of the 22 EMR countries completed the review. Of these, 10 (67%) had a national strategy and six (40%) allocated funds to it. 11 (73%) countries had testing and treatment guidelines in line with WHO recommendations. Ten (67%) countries had burden and coverage estimates, four (27%) reported on the cascade of care for hepatitis C virus (HCV), three (20%) reported on the cascade of care for hepatitis B (HBV), and three (20%) had mortality estimates. By 2019, the regional hepatitis B vaccination coverage among infants was 82% for the third dose and 33% for the timely birth dose. For harm reduction, 27 syringes were distributed per injecting drug user per year. Between 2015 and 2019, HCV diagnosis increased from 18% to 33% and treatment for hepatitis C increased from 12% to 26%. Within the same time period, diagnosis of HBV diagnosis increased from 2% to 14% and treatment initiation increased from less than 1% to 2%. EMR countries made progress in governance, policy development, coverage of the third dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, and testing and treatment for HCV infection. However, birth dose vaccination, injection safety, harm reduction, and testing and treatment are limited by insufficient financing. Core interventions need to be included within national universal health coverage packages as an initial move towards elimination.