Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul;55(4):558-563.
doi: 10.5946/ce.2022.001. Epub 2022 Jul 12.

Bispectral index-guided propofol sedation during endoscopic ultrasonography

Ayana Okamoto  1 , Ken Kamata  1 , Takeshi Miyata  1 , Tomoe Yoshikawa  1 , Rei Ishikawa  1 , Tomohiro Yamazaki  1 , Atsushi Nakai  1 , Shunsuke Omoto  1 , Kosuke Minaga  1 , Kentaro Yamao  1 , Mamoru Takenaka  1 , Yasutaka Chiba  2 , Toshiharu Sakurai  1 , Naoshi Nishida  1 , Masayuki Kitano  3 , Masatoshi Kudo  1
Affiliations

Bispectral index-guided propofol sedation during endoscopic ultrasonography

Ayana Okamoto et al. Clin Endosc. 2022 Jul.

Abstract

Background/aims: Bispectral index (BIS) monitors process and display electroencephalographic data are used to assess the depth of anesthesia. This study retrospectively evaluated the usefulness of BIS monitoring during endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS).

Methods: This study included 725 consecutive patients who underwent EUS under sedation with propofol. BIS monitoring was used in 364 patients and was not used in 361. The following parameters were evaluated: (1) median dose of propofol; (2) respiratory and circulatory depression; (3) occurrence of body movements; (4) awakening score >8 at the time; and (5) awakening score 2 hours after leaving the endoscopy room.

Results: The BIS group received a significantly lower median dose of propofol than the non-BIS group (159.2 mg vs. 167.5 mg; p=0.015) in all age groups. For patients aged ≥75 years, the reduction in heart rate was significantly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (1.2% vs. 9.1%; p=0.023). Moreover, the occurrence of body movements was markedly lower in the BIS group than in the non-BIS group (8.5% vs. 39.4%; p<0.001).

Conclusion: During EUS examination, BIS monitoring is useful for maintaining a constant depth of anesthesia, especially in patients 75 years of age or older.

Keywords: Consciousness monitors; Endosonography; Intravenous anesthesia; Midazolam; Propofol.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest

The authors have no potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
The bispectral index monitor analyzes the brain waves and displays the calculated bispectral index value at the bottom of the screen.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Kamata K, Takenaka M, Kitano M, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of localized gallbladder lesions. Dig Endosc. 2018;30:98–106. - PubMed
    1. Kamata K, Takenaka M, Kitano M, et al. Contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for differential diagnosis of submucosal tumors of the upper gastrointestinal tract. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;32:1686–1692. - PubMed
    1. Cheriyan DG, Byrne MF. Propofol use in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:5171–5176. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Amornyotin S, Leelakusolvong S, Chalayonnawin W, et al. Age-dependent safety analysis of propofol-based deep sedation for ERCP and EUS procedures at an endoscopy training center in a developing country. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 2012;5:123–128. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Lee TH, Lee CK, Park SH, et al. Balanced propofol sedation versus propofol monosedation in therapeutic pancreaticobiliary endoscopic procedures. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57:2113–2121. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources