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. 2022 Jul 11;16(1):52.
doi: 10.1186/s13065-022-00846-6.

Development of hydrogel based on Carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(4-vinylpyridine) for controlled releasing of fertilizers

Riham R Mohamed  1 , Marie E Fahim  2 , Soliman M A Soliman  2
Affiliations

Development of hydrogel based on Carboxymethyl cellulose/poly(4-vinylpyridine) for controlled releasing of fertilizers

Riham R Mohamed et al. BMC Chem. .

Abstract

A novel Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and poly (4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) hydrogel system is synthesized with different ratios, in the presence of cross-linker N, N,- methylene bis-acrylamide (MBA). The hydrogel is characterized via FTIR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The FTIR results showed a strong interaction between both CMC, P4VP and the loaded fertilizer. The water uptake of the hydrogel was evaluated by swelling tests under variations in pH, biodegradability was investigated in soil to simulate real-world conditions. To determine the best release behavior of urea and calcium nitrate from the hydrogel, fertilizers were loaded with different ratios onto the hydrogel during its formation. Fertilizers release was followed by Atomic absorption spectroscopy to study the release of calcium nitrate and urea. Release kinetic parameters were obtained based on different mathematical models as Zero order, First order, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Higuchi models. The suitable proportionality between the mathematical models used and the fertilizers release was determined based on the correlation coefficients (R2). According to Zero order model urea release showed independent concentration. Based on Korsmeyer-Pappas and Higuchi models with high n value and R2 equals to 0.97. Compared to urea, Ca2+, Zero order and Higuchi have been ignored due to their poor correlation coefficients values as proportion with Ca2+ fertilizer release.

Keywords: Fertilizers; Characterization; Ionic interaction; Mathematical models; Release.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Synthesis of hydrogel based on CMC and P4VP
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
FTIR charts of (a) CMC, (b) CMC/P4VP hydrogel and (c) CMC/P4VP hydrogel Urea loaded (d) CMC/P4VP hydrogel Calcium nitrate loaded
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
XRD of CMC, P4VP and hydrogel CMC:P4VP:Fertilizer/1:1:1
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Thermograms curves of hydrogel CMC: P4VP (1:1) with / without loaded fertilizers
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
SEM images of CMC: P4VP hydrogels (a) without fertilizer (b) Urea loaded hydrogel and (c) Calcium nitrate loaded hydrogel
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Effect of acidic (pH 2 and 4), neutral (pH 7) and saline (pH 8 and 10) swelling media on swelling behavior (SR %) by hydrogel CMC/P4VP within 24 h of swelling
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Percentage degradation of hydrogel using soil burial method
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Kinetic analyses of fertilizer release: Zero order, First order, Korsmeyer-Pappas and Higuchi models
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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