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. 2022 Jul 12;12(1):11817.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-16015-7.

Time series analysis of the air pollution around Ploiesti oil refining complex, one of the most polluted regions in Romania

Katalin Bodor  1   2   3 , Róbert Szép  2   3 , Zsolt Bodor  4
Affiliations

Time series analysis of the air pollution around Ploiesti oil refining complex, one of the most polluted regions in Romania

Katalin Bodor et al. Sci Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Refineries and petrochemical industries are known to be the principal sources of emissions for a number of air pollutants, such as Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), greenhouse gases and particulate matter, which negatively affect the air quality. The primary goal of this research was the time series analysis of PM2.5, PM10, As, Cd, Ni, Pb, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, CO, NO, NO2, NOx, SO2 and O3 over an eleven-year period (2009-2019) and the connection between air pollution and meteorological parameters (air temperature, precipitation quantity and relative humidity). Regarding the pollution level of the major pollutants, the minimum pollution levels, except SO2 and O3, were recorded during warmer periods, meanwhile increased levels, were detected during the cold period (in winter). The air pollutants' concentration and distribution are affected by meteorological parameters, such as wind speed and direction, rainfall or even relative humidity. Therefore, the highest concentrations in the winter season were 1.25 times higher than in autumn, 1.3 times higher than the average annual value, 1.57 times higher than in spring and 1.79 times higher than in summer. Monthly variation of O3 showed lower concentration during winter (27.62 µg/m3) and higher in summer (46.42 µg/m3). Based on the statistical analysis, a significant Spearman correlation was detected between the studied air pollutants and meteorological parameters, and according to the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis, some common sources were also detected.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Geographical location of sampling site—Ploiești city–.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The annual variation of mean concentrations of air pollutants and environmental parameters. Where the dotted lines are trend lines.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Multiannual monthly variation of the studied air pollutants.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Spearman correlation coefficients between the studied air pollutants and environmental parameters.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Hierarchical cluster analysis of the studied air pollutants.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Component plot in rotated space (left), and scree plot (right) of the studied air pollutants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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