Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Dec;29(58):88161-88171.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-21866-8. Epub 2022 Jul 13.

Time- and dose-dependent biological effects of a sub-chronic exposure to realistic doses of salicylic acid in the gills of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Giuseppe De Marco #  1 , Sabrine Afsa #  2 , Mariachiara Galati  1 , Giulia Guerriero  3 , Angela Mauceri  1 , Hedi Ben Mansour  2 , Tiziana Cappello  4
Affiliations

Time- and dose-dependent biological effects of a sub-chronic exposure to realistic doses of salicylic acid in the gills of mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

Giuseppe De Marco et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec.

Abstract

Among nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) commonly found in seawater and wastewater, salicylic acid (SA) represents one of the most persistent and hazardous compounds for aquatic organisms. This study was therefore designed to elucidate the biological effects of SA in mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. During a sub-chronic exposure (12 days), mussels were exposed to five realistic concentrations of SA (C1: 0.05 μg/L; C2: 0.5 μg/L; C3: 5 μg/L; C4: 50 μg/L; C5: 100 μg/L) and gills, selected as the target organ, were collected at different time points (T3: 3 days; T5: 5 days; T12: 12 days). Exposure to SA induced no histological alterations in mussel gills, despite a relevant hemocyte infiltration was observed throughout the exposure as a defensive response to SA. Temporal modulation of glutathione S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities suggested the occurrence of antioxidant and detoxifying responses against SA exposure, while lipid peroxidation (LPO), except for a partial increase at T3, was prevented. Inhibition of the cholinergic system was also reported by reduced acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, mainly at T12. Overall, findings from this study contribute to enlarge the current knowledge on the cytotoxicity of SA, on non-target aquatic organisms, and might for the enhancement of new ecopharmacovigilance programs and optimization of the efficacy of wastewater treatment plants for mitigation of pharmaceutical pollution in coastal areas.

Keywords: Acetylcholinesterase; Catalase; Gills; Glutathione S-transferase; Lipid peroxidation; Mussels; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); Superoxide dismutase.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Afsa S, Hamden K, Lara Martin P, Ben Mansour H (2020) Occurrence of 40 pharmaceutically active compounds in hospital and urban wastewaters and their contribution to Mahdia coastal seawater contamination. Environ Sci Pollut Res 27:1941–1955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06866-5 - DOI
    1. Afsa S, De Marco G, Giannetto A, Parrino V, Cappello T, Ben Mansour H, Maisano M (2022) Histological endpoints and oxidative stress transcriptional responses in the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to realistic doses of salicylic acid. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 92:103855. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2022.103855 - DOI
    1. Aguirre-Martínez GV, Del Valls TA, Martín-Díaz ML (2013) Identification of biomarkers responsive to chronic exposure to pharmaceuticals in target tissues of Carcinus maenas. Mar Environ Res 87–88:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marenvres.2013.02.011 - DOI
    1. Aguirre-Martínez GV, DelValls AT, Martín-Díaz ML (2015) Yes, caffeine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine, novobiocin and tamoxifen have an effect on Corbicula fluminea (Müller, 1774). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 120:142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.05.036 - DOI
    1. Aguirre-Martínez GV, DelValls TA, Martín-Díaz ML (2016) General stress, detoxification pathways, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluated in Ruditapes philippinarum exposed to human pharmaceuticals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 124:18–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.09.031 - DOI

LinkOut - more resources