Continuous clonidine infusion: an alternative for children on mechanical ventilation

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to assess the clonidine infusion rate in the first 6 h, as maintenance dose (first 24 h), and in the pre-extubation period (last 24 h), as well as the cumulative dose of other sedatives and the hemodynamic response.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study.

Results: Children up to the age of 2 years who were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary referral hospital in the south region of Brazil, between January 2017 and December 2018, were submitted to mechanical ventilation, and received continuous clonidine infusions were included in the study. The initial, maintenance, and pre-extubation doses of clonidine; the vasoactive-inotropic score; heart rate; and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the study participants were assessed. A total of 66 patients with a median age of 4 months who were receiving clonidine infusions were included. The main indications for mechanical ventilation were acute viral bronchiolitis (56%) and pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (15%). The median of clonidine infusion in the first 6 h (66 patients) was 0.53 μg/kg/h (IQR 0.49-0.88), followed by 0.85 μg/kg/h (IQR 0.53-1.03) during maintenance (57 patients) and 0.63 μg/kg/h (IQR 0.54-1.01) during extubation period (42 patients) (p=0.03). No differences were observed in the doses regarding the indication for mechanical ventilation. Clonidine infusion was not associated with hemodynamic changes and showed no differences when associated with adjuvants.

Conclusion: Clonidine demonstrated to be a well-tolerated sedation option in pediatric patients submitted to mechanical ventilation, without relevant influence in hemodynamic variables.

Figure 1. Flowchart of study population.

Figure 2. Median of continuous clonidine infusion doses (A: over the first 6 h of mechanical ventilation; B: over the hours 7 and 24; C: over the last 24 h pre-extubation). (*p<0.001).