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. 2022 Jun 27:13:915423.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.915423. eCollection 2022.

Impacts of Delivery Mode and Maternal Factors on Neonatal Oral Microbiota

Tiansong Xu  1 , Lihuang Yan  2 , Bohui Sun  1 , Qi Xu  2 , Jieni Zhang  1 , Wenhui Zhu  1 , Qian Zhang  1 , Ning Chen  3 , Guoli Liu  2 , Feng Chen  1
Affiliations

Impacts of Delivery Mode and Maternal Factors on Neonatal Oral Microbiota

Tiansong Xu et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Objectives: Initial oral microbial colonization has complicatedly interacted with growth and development. The aim of our study was to discover links between oral microbiota community structure and mode of delivery, maternal factors, such as systemic diseases, abortion history, and pregnancy complications.

Methods: A total of 177 pregnant women and their neonates were enrolled at Peking university people's hospital. We collected oral samples, medical history, and development phenotype and used a 16S rRNA gene sequence to analyze microbial diversity at all taxonomic levels, network structure, and metabolic characteristics.

Results: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota were the most predominant bacteria of neonatal oral samples among these phyla. Alpha-diversity of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), abortion history, and without immune diseases was higher than in control groups, and no significant dissimilarity in beta-diversity was observed between different maternal factors. Obvious separation or trend failed to be seen in different development phenotype groups. Besides, Oscillospirales were significantly more abundant in a natural delivery group than in the cesarean section group.

Conclusion: Our study indicated that maternal factors and mode of delivery influenced the oral microbial structure, but longitudinal studies were indispensable for capturing the long-term effects on neonatal development phenotype and oral microbiota.

Keywords: 16S rRNA gene sequencing; development phenotype; maternal factors; mode of delivery; neonatal oral microbiota.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Alpha-diversity was displayed in abortion history [pielou_evenness (A, P = 0.027) and Shannon_entropy (B, P = 0.014)], GDM [Shannon_entropy (C, P = 0.035)], and immune disease [Faith_PD (D, P = 0.024] and Observed_features (E, P = 0.044) groups. PCA analysis of neonatal microbiome in GDM (F, P = 0.709) and PROM (G, P = 0.865) history groups. *P < 0.05.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
PCoA plot showed that there was no obvious separation or trend in oral microbial community among newborns with different biparietal diameters (A), head circumferences (B), abdominal circumferences (C), and femoral lengths (D) using unweighted UniFrac distances.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Microbial structure in mode of delivery (A), abortion history (B), GDM (C), PROM (D), and immune disease (E) group.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Different genera measured by LDA and LEfSe in mode of delivery (A,B), PROM (C,D), and GDM (E,F) group.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Different metabolic function enrichment analysis in abortion history (A), GDM (B), PROM (C), and immune disease (D).
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Network analysis in mode of delivery (A), abortion history (B), GDM (C), and PROM (D).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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