The Dedalo Project, a Community-based Prevention Program for the Promotion of Healthy Behaviors in Adult Population: Model Description and Target Population Assessment

Abstract

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading global cause of death. The Italian National Prevention Plan (INPP) highlights the importance of health promotion and NCD prevention while avoiding health inequalities. In line with the INPP guidelines, we initiated a multicomponent community-based intervention program, named the Dedalo project, to promote healthy and active aging among population living around the Vercelli's municipality, Italy. A cross-sectional analysis, that used the baseline data of a longitudinal study of the project, evaluated the program's ability to enroll participants participants who represent the socioeconomic conditions present in the municipality. To this end, we compared the main social characteristics and behaviors of 40-74-year-old subjects (n = 155), who had attended at least one Dedalo activity, to those of same age individuals (n = 124) randomly extracted from the general population. We found that most participants were women (81.3%) and had a higher SES compared to the general population. Furthermore, they were healthier-OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.31-0.87 for self-reported diseases-and displayed healthier behaviors-OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08-0.46 for smokers; 0.32 95%, CI 0.16-0.64 for fruit/vegetable consumers; and 0.36 95% CI 0.20-0.64 for sweet beverages consumers. Overall, our initial evaluation indicates that the Dedalo project has so far struggled to enroll individuals with low SES, men with any SES, and subjects displaying unhealthy behaviors, thereby failing to meet the INPP goal of preventing NCDs while avoiding health disparities. Thus, efforts should be made to ensure that this community-based intervention program can effectively reach all the target population, in particular those individuals most exposed to behavioral risk factors.

Keywords: Community; Health inequalities; Healthy aging; Noncommunicable diseases; Prevention; Socioeconomic differences.

Fig. 1

Flowchart of the study population showing the selection process of participants in the survey