Efficacy of benzodiazepines and related drugs in patients over 75 years of age and impact on cognition

Abstract

Background: In France, despite the known risks, the use of benzodiazepines and related (BZD) is excessive, particularly in older populations. Over the age of 70, 1 person in 2 uses BZD on a long-term basis (more than 3 years), whereas it is recommended not to exceed 12 weeks. To compensate for the numerous undesirable effects and to maintain a positive benefit-risk balance, these treatments must be very effective and improve significantly the quality of life.

Aims: This study aims to determine whether the efficacy of BZD outweighs their adverse effects in older population.

Methods: In a population of 109 patients with cognitive impairment and hospitalized in Saint-Quentin (France), we recorded the use of BZD and medical background. Neuropsychological and geriatric assessments allowed cognitive and thymic evaluation.

Results: In our cohort of 109 patients, 50% of the subjects were BZD + and 78% were women. Patients in the BZD + group were no longer anxious but had poorer cognitive and executive performance than controls.

Discussion: Long-term treatment of anxiety in patients aged 75 and over with BZD appears to be effective. The deleterious impact of BZD on cognition has been demonstrated.

Conclusions: These results tend to consider non-medicinal therapies as serious alternatives to BZD for treating anxiety in the older population.

Keywords: Anxiety treatment; Benzodiazepines and related; Cognitive decline; Older adults; Side effects.