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Meta-Analysis
. 2022 Jul 15;101(28):e29507.
doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029507.

Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients?: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiuming Wang  1 , Jun Wang  2 , Tingting Gao  1 , Haitao Sun  1 , Baisong Yang  3
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients?: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Xiuming Wang et al. Medicine (Baltimore). .

Abstract

Objective: The association of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with mortality and rehospitalization remains inconsistent in patients with heart failure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the value of blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in predicting all-cause mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients.

Methods: Two reviewers independently search the articles indexed in PubMed and Embase databases until November 30, 2021. Only the prospective or retrospective cohort studies evaluating the association of blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients were selected. The predictive value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was summarized by pooling multivariable adjusted risk estimates for the bottom versus reference top 25-hydroxyvitamin D level.

Results: Seven studies with a total of 5941 patients with heart failure were identified. The pooled adjusted risk ratio (RR) of all-cause mortality was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.66), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 70.5%; P = 0.002). However, there was no clear association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and all-cause rehospitalization risk (RR 1.38; 95% CI 0.87-2.19).

Conclusions: Low blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level may provide prognostic information in heart failure patients. Additional randomized controlled trials are required to explore whether treatment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency by supplementation of vitamin D can improve survival in heart failure patients.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no funding and conflict of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow chart of the study selection process.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Forest plots showing pooled RR and 95% CI of all-cause mortality (A) and rehospitalization (B) for the bottom vs the top group of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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