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. 2022 Jul 15;22(1):618.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07555-4.

Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with seasonal coronavirus infection and COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

Guillermo Rodriguez-Nava  1 , Goar Egoryan  2 , Tianyu Dong  2 , Qishuo Zhang  2 , Elise Hyser  2 , Bidhya Poudel  2 , Maria Adriana Yanez-Bello  2 , Daniela Patricia Trelles-Garcia  2 , Chul Won Chung  2 , Bimatshu Pyakuryal  2 , Taraz Imani-Ramos  3 , Valeria Patricia Trelles-Garcia  4 , Daniel Sebastian Bustamante-Soliz  5 , Jonathan J Stake  6
Affiliations

Comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalized patients with seasonal coronavirus infection and COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study

Guillermo Rodriguez-Nava et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Erratum in

Abstract

Background: Unlike SARS-CoV and MERS-C0V, SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to become a recurrent seasonal infection; hence, it is essential to compare the clinical spectrum of COVID-19 to the existent endemic coronaviruses. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with seasonal coronavirus (sCoV) infection and COVID-19 to compare their clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Methods: A total of 190 patients hospitalized with any documented respiratory tract infection and a positive respiratory viral panel for sCoV from January 1, 2011, to March 31, 2020, were included. Those patients were compared with 190 hospitalized adult patients with molecularly confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 admitted from March 1, 2020, to May 25, 2020.

Results: Among 190 patients with sCoV infection, the Human Coronavirus-OC93 was the most common coronavirus with 47.4% of the cases. When comparing demographics and baseline characteristics, both groups were of similar age (sCoV: 74 years vs. COVID-19: 69 years) and presented similar proportions of two or more comorbidities (sCoV: 85.8% vs. COVID-19: 81.6%). More patients with COVID-19 presented with severe disease (78.4% vs. 67.9%), sepsis (36.3% vs. 20.5%), and developed ARDS (15.8% vs. 2.6%) compared to patients with sCoV infection. Patients with COVID-19 had an almost fourfold increased risk of in-hospital death than patients with sCoV infection (OR 3.86, CI 1.99-7.49; p < .001).

Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 had similar demographics and baseline characteristics to hospitalized patients with sCoV infection; however, patients with COVID-19 presented with higher disease severity, had a higher case-fatality rate, and increased risk of death than patients with sCoV. Clinical findings alone may not help confirm or exclude the diagnosis of COVID-19 during high acute respiratory illness seasons. The respiratory multiplex panel by PCR that includes SARS-CoV-2 in conjunction with local epidemiological data may be a valuable tool to assist clinicians with management decisions.

Keywords: COVID-19; Human coronavirus; MERS; SARS; Seasonal coronavirus.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors of this manuscript have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of human coronavirus species among 190 patients with seasonal coronavirus infection
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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