Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2022 Jul 13;43(2):77-87.
doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2022-0021.

Rare Blood Groups in ABO, Rh, Kell Systems - Biological and Clinical Significance

Affiliations
Free article

Rare Blood Groups in ABO, Rh, Kell Systems - Biological and Clinical Significance

Elena Ristovska et al. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). .
Free article

Abstract

Background: The frequency of ABO, Rh and Kell blood group antigens differs among populations of different ethnic ancestry. There are low-frequency antigens (<1%) and high-frequency antigens (>90%). A rare blood group is defined as the absence of a high-frequency antigen in the general population, as well as absence of multiple frequent antigens within a single or multiple blood group systems. Aim: To perform red blood cell typing and to calculate the antigen and phenotype frequencies, in order to identify rare blood group donors within the clinically most important АВО, Rh and Kell systems. Material and Methods: АВО, Rh (D, C, E, c, e) and Kell (K) antigen typing was performed using specific monoclonal sera and microplate technique, while Cellano (k) typing was performed with a monoclonal anti-k, antihuman globulin and column agglutination technique. Weak ABO subgroups were determined using the absorption elution method or molecular genotyping (PCR-SSP). Results: ABO antigen frequency is: A (40.89%), O (34.22%), B (16.97%), AB (7.92%) and weak ABO subgroups (0, 009 %). The established genotypes were AxO1 (0, 0026%) and AxB (0, 001%). Rh antigen frequency is: D (85.79%), C (71.7%), c (76.0%), E (26.0%) and е (97.95%). The most common Rh pheno-type is the DCcee (32.7%) while the rarest phenotype is the DCCEE phenotype (0. 003%). The prevalence of K and k antigen is 7.5% and 99.94%, respectively. The frequency of the rare phenotype K+k- is 0.06%. Conclusion: Large scale phenotyping of blood group antigens enables the identification of blood donors with rare blood groups for patients with rare phenotypes or with antibodies to high-frequency antigens and to frequent antigens within one or more blood group systems.

Keywords: blood donor registry; rare blood group; red blood cell antigen frequency.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

Cited by

References

REFERENCES

    1. 1. Anstee DJ. The relationship between blood groups and disease. Blood 2010;115:4635–43.
    1. 2. Groot HE, Villegas Sierra LE, Said MA, et al. Genetically determined ABO blood group and its associations with health and disease. Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology 2020;40:830–838.
    1. 3. Jenkins PV, O’Donnel JS. ABO blood group determinates plasma levels of von Willebrand factor. Transfusion 2006; 46 (10): 1836-1844.
    1. 4. Zhang H, Mooney CJ, Reilly MP. ABO Blood Groups and Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Vasc Med 2012; 2012:641917.
    1. 5. Wu O, Bayoumi N, Vickers MA, Clark P. ABO (H) blood groups and vascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Hae-most 2008; 6:62–9.

Substances

LinkOut - more resources