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. 2022 Jul 1:10:849647.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.849647. eCollection 2022.

Risk Factors of Relapse After Smoking Cessation: Results in China Family Panel Studies From 2010 to 2018

Naifan Hu  1 , Zhenfan Yu  1 , Yurun Du  1 , Jiangping Li  1   2
Affiliations

Risk Factors of Relapse After Smoking Cessation: Results in China Family Panel Studies From 2010 to 2018

Naifan Hu et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Tobacco use is still highly prevalent globally in spite of the tobacco control efforts made by the governments. In view of the harm of smoking and relapse after smoking cessation, the purpose of this study is to establish a competitive risk model to determine potential risk factors for smoking relapse.

Methods: The population-based cohort of ex-smokers over the age of 18 years was obtained from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) database from 2010 to 2018. Competing risk models were conducted to identify the risk factors for relapse.

Results: A total of 1,019 subjects were included in this study, of which 311 (30.52%) subjects relapsed during the follow-up period. A multivariate analysis indicated that age < 40 years [hazard ratio (HR) 19.142; 95% CI: 10.641-34.434, p < 0.01], cohabitation (HR: 1.422; 95% CI: 1.081-1.87, p = 0.01), and often depression [HR 1.422; 95% CI, (1.081-1.87), p = 0.01] were associated with a great risk of relapse while the age of quitting smoking < 60 years (HR: 0. 436; 95% CI: 0.229-0.831, p < 0.01) and joining the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (HR 0.611; 95% CI: 0.397-0.939, p = 0.03) were reduced risk factors for relapse.

Conclusions: Approximately 3 in 10 ex-smokers were observed to relapse. There are various risk factors for relapse as well. In the face of such a serious situation, it is urgent to take action to control smoking.

Keywords: CFPS; competing risk; factors; quitting smoking; relapse; smoking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Sample screening flowchart. The study used a 2010-2018 CFPS database with exclusion criteria: 1. Participants who were in the cohort from 2010 to 2016 but could not be followed up to 2018; 2. Participants whose age and age of quitting smoking were less than 18 or missing; 3. Smokers and patients with chronic diseases in baseline years; 4. Participants with missing endpoint events. A total of 1019 participants were included.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The cumulative incidence function (CIF) of relapse in smokers with relapse as the end event. (A) Whether joined Chinese communist party. (B) Number of children. (C) Age. (D) Education level. (E) Depression frequency. (F) Exercise frequency. (G) Marital status.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Interactive Nomogram visualizing the cumulative incidence of relapse at 20th, 40th, and 60th years in the competitive risk model.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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