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Review
. 2022 Jun 29:13:930415.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.930415. eCollection 2022.

Area Deprivation Index as a Surrogate of Resilience in Aging and Dementia

Maria Vassilaki  1 , Ronald C Petersen  1   2 , Prashanthi Vemuri  3
Affiliations
Review

Area Deprivation Index as a Surrogate of Resilience in Aging and Dementia

Maria Vassilaki et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Area deprivation index (ADI), a tool used to capture the multidimensional neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage across populations, is highly relevant to the field of aging and Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (AD/ADRD). ADI is specifically relevant in the context of resilience, a broad term used to explain why some older adults have better cognitive outcomes than others. The goal of this mini-review is three-fold: (1) to summarize the current literature on ADI and its link to cognitive impairment outcomes; (2) suggest possible mechanisms through which ADI may have an impact on AD/ADRD outcomes, and (3) discuss important considerations when studying relations between ADI and cognitive as well as brain health. Though difficult to separate both the upstream factors that emerge from high (worse) ADI and all the mechanisms at play, ADI is an attractive proxy of resilience that captures multifactorial contributors to the risk of dementia. In addition, a life-course approach to studying ADI may allow us to capture resilience, which is a process developed over the lifespan. It might be easier to build, preserve or improve resilience in an environment that facilitates instead of hindering physical, social, and cognitively beneficial activities. Neighborhood disadvantage can adversely impact cognitive impairment risk but be at the same time a modifiable risk factor, amenable to policy changes that can affect communities.

Keywords: area deprivation index; cognitive impairment; dementia; resilience; socioeconomic.

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Conflict of interest statement

MV received research funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd and Biogen in the past and consults for F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd; she currently receives research funding from NIH/NIA and has equity ownership in Abbott Laboratories, Johnson and Johnson, Medtronic, AbbVie, and Amgen. RP was a consultant for Roche, Inc., Biogen, Inc., Merck, Inc., Eisai, Inc., Genentech, Inc. and Nestle, Inc.; receives publishing royalties from Mild Cognitive Impairment (Oxford University Press, 2003), UpToDate and receives research support from the National Institute of Health. The remaining author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor declared a past co-authorship with the authors, PV.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Mechanisms through which area deprivation index (ADI) may influence risk of cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease related dementias (AD/ADRD).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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