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. 2022 Jun 29:13:940090.
doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.940090. eCollection 2022.

Pointers to Interventions for Promoting COVID-19 Protective Measures in Tourism: A Modelling Approach Using Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale, Theory of Planned Behaviour, and Health Belief Model

Timo Ohnmacht  1 , Andreas Philippe Hüsser  1 , Vu Thi Thao  1
Affiliations

Pointers to Interventions for Promoting COVID-19 Protective Measures in Tourism: A Modelling Approach Using Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale, Theory of Planned Behaviour, and Health Belief Model

Timo Ohnmacht et al. Front Psychol. .

Abstract

Based on the factors of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the Health Belief Model (HBM), and the DOSPERT scale, used to measure general risk-taking behaviour, a combined model has been developed for investigating tourists' intentions to implement protective measures against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The purpose of the study is to formulate a model that Swiss tourism practitioners can use to understand tourists' decision-making regarding the acceptance and proper implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). A large-scale cross-sectional population study that is representative for the Swiss population has been designed to validate the model (N = 1,683; 39% response rate). In our empirical investigation, a simple regression analysis is used to detect significant factors and their strength. Our empirical findings show that the significant effects can be ordered regarding descending effect size from severity (HBM), attitude (TPB), perceived behavioural control (TPB), subjective norm (TPB), self-efficacy (HBM), and perceived barriers (HBM) to susceptibility (HBM). Based on this information, intervention strategies and corresponding protective measures were linked to the social-psychological factors based on an expert workshop. Low-cost interventions for tourists (less time, less money, and more comfort), such as the free provision of accessories (free mask and sanitizers) or free testing (at cable cars), can increase the perceived behavioural control and lower the perceived barriers and thus increase the acceptance of this protective measure.

Keywords: COVID-19; Health Belief Model (HBM); Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB); intervention design; risk taking measurement; tourism.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The combined explanatory model, with intention to implement non-pharmaceutical interventions [(N)PIs] as a dependent variable.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect plots to illustrate the effect size for Model 4 in descending order from left to right only for significant effects (absolute value).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Two-fold interaction effect between age and severity.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Presentation of exemplary measures for addressing social-psychological influencing dimensions.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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