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Review
. 2022 Aug;40(3):309-320.
doi: 10.1016/j.ccl.2022.03.002. Epub 2022 Mar 23.

The Direct and Indirect Effects of COVID-19 on Acute Coronary Syndromes

Thomas A Kite  1 , Susil Pallikadavath  2 , Chris P Gale  3 , Nick Curzen  4 , Andrew Ladwiniec  2
Affiliations
Review

The Direct and Indirect Effects of COVID-19 on Acute Coronary Syndromes

Thomas A Kite et al. Cardiol Clin. 2022 Aug.

Abstract

The novel SARS-CoV-2 has directly and indirectly impacted patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic correlated with an abrupt decline in hospitalizations with ACS and increased out-of-hospital deaths. Worse outcomes in ACS patients with concomitant COVID-19 have been reported, and acute myocardial injury secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection is recognized. A rapid adaptation of existing ACS pathways has been required such that overburdened health care systems may manage both a novel contagion and existing illness. As SARS-CoV-2 is now endemic, future research is required to better define the complex interplay of COVID-19 infection and cardiovascular disease.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndrome; COVID-19; Non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction; ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure C.P. Gale reports personal fees from AstraZeneca, Amgen, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Vifor Pharma, Menarini, Wondr Medical, Raisio Group, and Oxford University Press; grants from BMS, Abbott, British Heart Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, Horizon 2020, and ESC, outside the submitted work. N. Curzen reports unrestricted research grants from Boston Scientific, HeartFlow, and Beckman Coulter, and speaker/consultancy fees from Boston, Abbott, and HeartFlow outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient with acute coronary syndromes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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