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Observational Study
. 2022 Jul 19;22(1):300.
doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02332-w.

Assessment of the association of OCT3/4 with GLUT1 and CD105 in oral squamous cell carcinoma using dual immunohistochemistry

Samira Derakhshan  1   2 , Nazanin Mahdavi  1 , Neda Kardouni Khoozestani  1 , Bita Nasr Esfahani  3 , Foroozan Heidarian  3 , Sedigheh Rahrotaban  4 , Ali Abdolrahmani  5
Affiliations
Observational Study

Assessment of the association of OCT3/4 with GLUT1 and CD105 in oral squamous cell carcinoma using dual immunohistochemistry

Samira Derakhshan et al. BMC Oral Health. .

Abstract

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. This study aimed to investigate the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in angiogenesis and hypoxic response in OSCC.

Methods: This retrospective observational study evaluated 56 cases of OSCC using dual immunohistochemistry. Octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4) marker was used to evaluate CSC activity. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) marker was used to evaluate the hypoxic response and angiogenesis, while endoglin (CD105) was used to evaluate the late stage of angiogenesis and blood vessel formation.

Results: Co-expression of OCT3/4 and GLUT1 was noted in 11 of 12 patients with grade III OSCC. However, we did not observe co-expression of these markers in 13 of 22 patients with grade I OSCC. Although we observed a significant correlation between co-expression of GLUT1 and OCT3/4 and tumor grade, there was no significant correlation between co-expression of OCT3/4 and CD105 and different grades of OSCC.

Conclusions: CSCs could play important roles in the initial stages of hypoxic response and angiogenesis. Our result reported that in higher grades of OSCC, GLUT1 as a first response to hypoxic situations might be a result of CSCs. Further studies are required to discover other biomarkers, their roles, and associated pathways of CSCs in OSCC.

Keywords: Angiogenesis; Cancer stem cell; Dual immunohistochemistry; GLUT1; OCT3/4; Squamous cell carcinoma.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no conflict of interests to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
H& E staining and dual immunostaining findings; A, E Well differentiated SCC (× 100 magnification, 200 μm scale bar). C, G Poorly differentiated SCC (× 100 magnification, 200 µm scale bar). B Low co-expression of CD105 and OCT3/4 in well differentiated SCC; Positive red cytoplasmic immunostaining for CD105 and brown nuclear immunostaining for OCT3/4 in tumoral cells (× 400 magnification, 30 µm scale bar). D High co-expression of CD105 and OCT3/4 in poorly differentiated SCC; Positive red cytoplasmic immunostaining for CD105 and brown nuclear immunostaining for OCT3/4 in tumoral cells (× 400 magnification, 30 µm scale bar). F Low co-expression of GLUT1 and OCT3/4 in well differentiated SCC; Positive red cytoplasmic immunostaining for GLUT1 and brown nuclear immunostaining for OCT3/4 (× 400 magnification, 30 µm scale bar). H High co-expression of GLUT1 and OCT3/4 in poorly differentiated SCC; Positive red cytoplasmic immunostaining for GLUT1 and brown nuclear immunostaining for OCT3/4 (× 400 magnification, 30 µm scale bar)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Antibodies expression in different tumor grades. A OCT3/4 expression in different tumor grades (p > 0.05). B CD105 expressions in different tumor grades (p > 0.05)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Expression of GLUT1 in different tumor grades (p = 0.002)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
A Co-expression of CD105 and OCT3/4 in different tumor grades (p > 0.05). B Co-expression of GLUT1 and OCT3/4 in different tumor grades (p < 0.001)
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