Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf and their potential application to control multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hospital drainage water

Abstract

Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles is becoming a more common method for producing nanoparticles with a diameter of 1-100 nm that may be employed in a variety of medical applications. The antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf extract against antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is investigated in this study. Green AgNP synthesis is safe, cost-effective, and ecologically friendly. The biosynthesized AgNPs were studied using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The AgNPs were virtually spherical, with an average size of 25-30 nm, according to TEM observations. Biochemical and molecular identification were used to isolate multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa from the hospital's drainage water. The antibacterial potential of AgNPs against P. aeruginosa is determined using the agar diffusion method. Silver nanoparticles produced from Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf extract were shown to be effective in inhibiting four strains of P. aeruginosa. According to the agar disc diffusion method, AgNPs had the largest inhibition zone of 17.67 ± 0.577 mm, while aqueous extract had 5.67 ± 0.5777 mm, indicating that AgNPs had antibacterial activity. This study on AgNPs might assist with managing multidrug resistant pathogenic bacteria and be a possible source of medicinal application due to its potential antibacterial effect.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Antibiotic resistance; Green synthesis; Leaf extract; Silver nanoparticles.

Figure 1

The mechanism of green synthesis of AgNP and its antibacterial action is depicted schematically.

Figure 2

Characterization of Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles (A) UV-Vis spectra of Ag nanoparticles produced using Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf extract and 0.001M AgNO₃ at various ratios (1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5) (B) UV-Vis Ag nanoparticles made from Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) and 0.001M silver nitrate at a rate of 1:10 for 5, 15, 30, and 60 min (1 ml of Tejpata leaf extract and 10 ml of AgNO₃ aqueous solution). (C) FTIR spectra of Silver nanoparticles produced in a 1:3 ratio by Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf extract. (D) Cinnamomum tamala leaf synthesized particle size and intensity DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering) spectrum (%). (E) XRD patterns of AgNPs made from Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpata) leaf extract and AgNO₃ (Numbers in parentheses represent the face-center cubic planes of AgNPs).

Figure 3

TEM pictures of AgNPs at various magnifications (500 kx.tif, 245 kx.tif, 120 kx.tif) revealing particle sizes of (A) 20 nm, (B) 50 nm, and (C) 100 nm.

Figure 4

Isolate culture on Cetrimide Agar Base Selective Supplement (A); pure culture and morphological characterization (B). Antibiotic susceptibility testing of drainage water from a medical institution (C–F). Antibiotic resistance isolates 13,14,17,18 were designated as DW1, DW2, DW3, and DW4 for a subsequent experiment.

Figure 5

(A) Positive result KOH test, (B) Nitrate reduction test positive result, (C) Negative Indole test, (D & E) MR-VP test result, (F) Agarose gel electrophoresis of 16s rRNA sequencing PCR product and electrogram of sequencing alignment, (G) Phylogenetic relationship of isolates.

Figure 6

Antibacterial activity of Silver Nanoparticles Using Cinnamomum tamala against multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW1 (A), Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW2 (B), Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW3 (C), Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW4 (D).

Figure 7

Silver nanoparticles' antibacterial efficacy against multidrug resistance using Cinnamomum tamala Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW2, Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW3, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DW4 at various control or starring times as negative control (N), aqueous extract (E), and AgNP suspension at various stirring times of 0 min (A1), 5 min ((A5).