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. 2022 Jun 29:13:856091.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.856091. eCollection 2022.

Clinical Features and Outcome of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Single-Center 11-Year Experience

Federica Ginanneschi  1 , Fabio Giannini  1 , Francesco Sicurelli  2 , Carla Battisti  2 , Giorgio Capoccitti  1 , Sabina Bartalini  1 , Andrea Mignarri  2 , Nila Volpi  1 , David Cioncoloni  3 , Laura Franci  1 , Nicola De Stefano  2 , Alessandro Rossi  1
Affiliations

Clinical Features and Outcome of the Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A Single-Center 11-Year Experience

Federica Ginanneschi et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Clinical presentation, electrophysiological subtype, and outcome of the Guillain-Barre' Syndrome (GBS) may differ between patients from different geographical regions. This study aims to assess clinical-neurophysiological features of an adult, Italian GBS cohort over 11 years.

Methods: Retrospective (from 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2021) analysis was carried out on patients admitted to the Siena University Hospital who fulfilled the GBS diagnostic criteria. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, treatment, need of mechanical ventilation (MV), laboratory and electrophysiological tests, preceding infections/vaccination/other conditions, and comorbidities were collected for each patient.

Results: A total of 84 patients (51 men, median age of 61 years), were identified. GBS subtype was classified as acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) in the 66.6% of patients, acute motor/sensory axonal neuropathy (AMAN/AMSAN) in 20.2%, and the Miller Fisher syndrome in 5 (5.9%). Flu syndrome and gastrointestinal infection were the most common preceding conditions. In total, five (5.9%) subjects had concomitant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Cranial nerve involvement occurred in 34.5% of subjects. Differences between the axonal and AIDP forms of GBS concerned the presence of anti-ganglioside antibodies. In total, seven (8.33%) patients required MV.

Discussion: The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of GBS in different countries are constantly evolving, especially in relation to environmental changes. This study provides updated clinical-epidemiological information in an Italian cohort.

Keywords: AIDP; AMAN; electrophysiology; epidemiology; infection; mechanical ventilation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) cases per year.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Heterogeneity of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) incidence among seasons with a significant cluster in winter months. (B) Different distribution of demyelinating (AIDP) and axonal GBS among seasons.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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