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. 2022 Jun 30;4(3):100228.
doi: 10.1016/j.infpip.2022.100228. eCollection 2022 Sep.

Investigation of an Enterobacter hormaechei OXA-436 carbapenemase outbreak: when everything goes down the drain

Christina Raun-Petersen  1 , Annette Toft  1 , Mette Marie Nordestgaard  2 , Anette Holm  1 , Søren Overballe-Petersen  3 , Anette M Hammerum  3 , Henrik Hasman  3 , Ulrik Stenz Justesen  1
Affiliations

Investigation of an Enterobacter hormaechei OXA-436 carbapenemase outbreak: when everything goes down the drain

Christina Raun-Petersen et al. Infect Prev Pract. .

Abstract

Over a time period of 18 months an Enterobacter hormaechei sequence type (ST) 90, harboring a bla OXA-436 carbapenemase gene, was isolated from seven patients at Odense University Hospital, Denmark. The patients were all from the same department, but there was no apparent direct epidemiological link. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on all clinical isolates as well as on a number of environmental samples including two E. hormaechei ST90 isolates carrying the bla OXA-436 gene, which were isolated in samples from two shower drains at the department. These drains were suspected to be the source of the outbreak.

Keywords: Carbapenemase producing organisms; Enterobacter hormaechei; Environmental transmission; Whole genome sequencing.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Timeline picturing the duration of the outbreak in total number of days. Green bars show the total days of admittance at the department of cardiology for each patient. Except for the first two patients, there is no overlap of hospitalization between the patients.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Maximum likelihood tree created in FigTree and based on SNP distances of whole genome sequencing of the seven isolates from patients (PT1-PT7), the two drain isolates (D1-D2) and four non-related out-group ST90 isolates (OG1-OG4).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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