The changed pattern of malaria endemicity and transmission at Amani in the eastern Usambara mountains, north-eastern Tanzania
- PMID: 3586093
The changed pattern of malaria endemicity and transmission at Amani in the eastern Usambara mountains, north-eastern Tanzania
Abstract
Parasitological and entomological studies on malaria were conducted between 1980 and 1982 on the Amani hills in the eastern Usambara mountains of north-eastern Tanzania. Malaria vectors were scarce on the Amani hills until the late 1960s and it was generally presumed that any cases of malaria transmission must have been contracted by people while visiting lower altitudes where malaria is holoendemic. However, the malaria vectors Anopheles funestus and An. gambiae have both become more abundant during the 1970s and 1980s and sporozoite-positive specimens of both have been found. Malaria asexual parasite rates have been shown to have increased, for instance from 52.7% in 1980 to 53.8% and 63.7% in 1981 and 1982, respectively. The percentage of parasitized children aged below 1 year whose parents report that they have not visited lowland localities away from the Amani hills has increased, from 71.4% in 1980 to 80.0% and 91.0% in 1981 and 1982, respectively, suggesting possible local malaria acquisition. These parameters have been confirmed by increasing sporozoite rates from 0.0% in 1967-1971 to 0.09% in May-June 1973 and 11.1% in August and December 1980. Various factors including climatological changes and increased agricultural activities are attributable to this changed malaria endemicity and transmission.
Similar articles
-
The rise and fall of malarial sporozoite rates in Anopheles gambiae s.l. and An. funestus in north-eastern Tanzania, between 1934 and 1999.Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001 Jun;95(4):325-30. doi: 10.1080/00034980120055526. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 2001. PMID: 11454241 Review.
-
[Role of Anopheles funestus in the transmission of malaria in the south of Madagascar (Ampanihy district)].Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar. 1996;63(1-2):12-5. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar. 1996. PMID: 12463008 French.
-
[Malaria in the central health district of Dakar (Senegal). Entomological, parasitological and clinical data].Sante. 2000 May-Jun;10(3):221-9. Sante. 2000. PMID: 11022155 French.
-
Bionomics of malaria vectors and relationship with malaria transmission and epidemiology in three physiographic zones in the Senegal River Basin.Acta Trop. 2008 Feb;105(2):145-53. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2007.10.010. Epub 2007 Nov 4. Acta Trop. 2008. PMID: 18068685
-
[Epidemiological stratification of malaria in Madagascar].Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar. 1993;60(1-2):50-9. Arch Inst Pasteur Madagascar. 1993. PMID: 8192542 Review. French.
Cited by
-
Interplay between environment, agriculture and infectious diseases of poverty: case studies in China.Acta Trop. 2015 Jan;141(Pt B):399-406. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2013.07.009. Epub 2013 Jul 29. Acta Trop. 2015. PMID: 23906612 Free PMC article.
-
Climate change and the resurgence of malaria in the East African highlands.Nature. 2002 Feb 21;415(6874):905-9. doi: 10.1038/415905a. Nature. 2002. PMID: 11859368 Free PMC article.
-
Malaria in Africa: vector species' niche models and relative risk maps.PLoS One. 2007 Sep 5;2(9):e824. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000824. PLoS One. 2007. PMID: 17786196 Free PMC article.
-
Meteorologic influences on Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Highland Tea Estates of Kericho, Western Kenya.Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Dec;8(12):1404-8. doi: 10.3201/eid0812.020077. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002. PMID: 12498655 Free PMC article.
-
Malaria in East African highlands during the past 30 years: impact of environmental changes.Front Physiol. 2012 Aug 2;3:315. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00315. eCollection 2012. Front Physiol. 2012. PMID: 22934065 Free PMC article.
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Medical