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Clinical Trial
. 2022 Oct;172(4):1278-1284.
doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.04.039. Epub 2022 Jul 19.

Prehospital plasma is associated with survival principally in patients transferred from the scene of injury: A secondary analysis of the PAMPer trial

Rachel E Lewis  1 , Sruthi L Muluk  2 , Katherine M Reitz  2 , Francis X Guyette  3 , Joshua B Brown  2 , Richard S Miller  4 , Brian G Harbrecht  5 , Jeffrey A Claridge  6 , Herb A Phelan  7 , Mark H Yazer  8 , R Eric Heidel  1 , A Shawn Rowe  9 , Jason L Sperry  10 , Brian J Daley  1 ; PAMPer Study Group
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Prehospital plasma is associated with survival principally in patients transferred from the scene of injury: A secondary analysis of the PAMPer trial

Rachel E Lewis et al. Surgery. 2022 Oct.

Abstract

Background: We sought to characterize if prehospital transfer origin from the scene of injury (SCENE) or from a referral emergency department (REF) alters the survival benefit attributable to prehospital plasma resuscitation in patients at risk of hemorrhagic shock.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis of data from a recently completed prehospital plasma clinical trial. All of the enrolled patients from either the SCENE or REF groups were included. The demographics, injury characteristics, shock severity and resuscitation needs were compared. The primary outcome was a 30-day mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox-hazard regression were used to characterize the independent survival benefits of prehospital plasma for transport origin groups.

Results: Of the 501 enrolled patients, the REF group patients (n = 111) accounted for 22% with the remaining (n = 390) originating from the scene. The SCENE group patients had higher injury severity and were more likely intubated prehospital. The REF group patients had longer prehospital times and received greater prehospital crystalloid and blood products. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant 30-day survival benefit associated with prehospital plasma in the SCENE group (P < .01) with no difference found in the REF group patients (P = .36). The Cox-regression verified after controlling for relevant confounders that prehospital plasma was independently associated with a 30-day survival in the SCENE group patients (hazard ratio 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.39-0.89; P = .01) with no significant relationship found in the REF group patients (hazard ratio 1.03, 95% confidence interval 0.4-3.0).

Conclusion: Important differences across the SCENE and REF cohorts exist that are essential to understand when planning prehospital studies. Prehospital plasma is associated with a survival benefit primarily in SCENE group patients. The results are exploratory but suggest transfer origin may be an important determinant of prehospital plasma benefit.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest/Disclosure

The authors have no conflicts of interests or disclosures to report.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier 24-hour survival analysis comparing plasma and standard care group patients stratified by air medical transfer origin. (A) SCENE versus (B) REF.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier 30-day survival analysis comparing plasma and standard care patients stratified by air medical transfer origin. (A) SCENE versus (B) REF.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Forest plot of adjusted Cox-regression mortality analyses for prehospital plasma at 24 hours and 30 days across transfer origin (SCENE versus REF).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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