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Review
. 2022 Jul;12(7):3028-3048.
doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.02.025. Epub 2022 Mar 1.

Current approaches of nanomedicines in the market and various stage of clinical translation

Xiaoting Shan  1   2 , Xiang Gong  1 , Jie Li  1   3 , Jingyuan Wen  4 , Yaping Li  1   2 , Zhiwen Zhang  1   3   2
Affiliations
Review

Current approaches of nanomedicines in the market and various stage of clinical translation

Xiaoting Shan et al. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2022 Jul.

Abstract

Compared with traditional drug therapy, nanomedicines exhibit intriguing biological features to increase therapeutic efficiency, reduce toxicity and achieve targeting delivery. This review provides a snapshot of nanomedicines that have been currently launched or in the clinical trials, which manifests a diversified trend in carrier types, applied indications and mechanisms of action. From the perspective of indications, this article presents an overview of the applications of nanomedicines involving the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, which include cancer, infections, blood disorders, cardiovascular diseases, immuno-associated diseases and nervous system diseases, etc. Moreover, the review provides some considerations and perspectives in the research and development of nanomedicines to facilitate their translations in clinic.

Keywords: Clinical translations; Disease-driven design; Liposomes; Marketed products; Nanomedicines; Nanoparticles; Quality by design; Vaccines.

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Figures

Image 1
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Nanomedicines in the market and various stages of clinical translations for many types of diseases. The skin diagram was reprinted with permission from Ref. 13. Copyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. The eye structure was reprinted under terms of the CC-BY license with the permission from Ref. 14. Copyright © 2020 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The cardiovascular graphic was reproduced under terms of the CC-BY license with the permission from Ref. 15. Copyright © 2015 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Overview of nanomedicines accessible in the market or in clinical translation. (A) Development status, (B) indications and, (C) formulations. NP, nanoparticle.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Types and applications of anticancer nanomedicines on the market and under clinical trials.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The composition and the mechanism of targeting delivery to hepatocytes of Patisiran, the first RNAi drug approved for marketing in the world for the treatment of hATTR polyneuropathy. Adapted from Ref. 151. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The combination therapy of NC-6300 (micellar nanoparticles loaded with ICD inducer anthracycline epirubicin) and anti-PD1 antibody is able to overcome tumor resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors and improve response rate by changing tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment through ICD. Reprinted with the permission from Ref. 174. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Perspectives of accelerating the clinical translation of nanomedicines. CQAs, critical quality attributes; CPPs, critical process parameters; AI, artificial intelligence; EPR, enhanced permeability and retention effect; PDXs, patient-derived xenografts; GEMMs, genetically engineered mouse models; PRINT, particle replication in non-wetting template technology, PAT, process analytical technology.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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