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. 2022 Jul 5:10:940335.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.940335. eCollection 2022.

Association Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Risks of Type-Specific Cardiovascular Diseases

Yuanyuan Mao  1   2 , Wenbin Hu  3 , Bin Xia  1   2 , Li Liu  2 , Xia Han  4 , Qin Liu  2
Affiliations

Association Between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and the Risks of Type-Specific Cardiovascular Diseases

Yuanyuan Mao et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been linked to subsequent overall cardiovascular diseases. However, evidence on the associations of GDM with type-specific cardiovascular diseases is lacking, and findings on the potential impact of type 2 diabetes on the associations are not consistent. This study aimed to explore the associations between GDM and the risks of type-specific cardiovascular diseases.

Methods: Data were from 12,025 women (≥20 years) who had delivered at least one live birth in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007-2018. GDM history and type-specific cardiovascular diseases including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure and stroke were defined by self-report. We also combined our results with those from previously related publications on the associations between GDM and risks of type-specific cardiovascular diseases with a random-effect model.

Results: Compared with women without GDM, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 1.82 (1.21-2.72) for CHD, 1.43 (0.80-2.53) for heart failure, and 1.19 (0.76-1.86) for stroke among women with a history of GDM. Type 2 diabetes was associated with 43.90, 67.44, and 63.16% of the excess odds of CHD, heart failure and stroke associated with GDM, respectively. Combining results from this study with those from previously related studies yielded odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 1.81 (1.60-2.05) for CHD (12 studies, 7,615,322 participants, I2= 72.6%), 1.66 (1.25-2.21) for heart failure (5 studies, 4,491,665 participants, I2= 88.6%), and 1.25 (1.07-1.46) for cerebrovascular disease (9 studies, 6,090,848 participants, I2= 77.8%).

Conclusions: GDM showed stronger associations with coronary heart diseases and heart failure than cerebrovascular disease, and the excess risks are attributable, in part, to type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: cerebrovascular disease; coronary heart disease; gestational diabetes mellitus; heart failure; type 2 diabetes.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The forest plot for gestational diabetes mellitus and risks of coronary heart disease, heart failure and cerebrovascular disease. The size of gray box is positively proportional to the weight assigned to each study, which is inversely proportional to the standard error of the OR, and horizontal lines represent the 95 % confidence intervals. OR (95% CI): Odds ratio (95% confidence interval).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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