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. 2022 Jul 5:13:922903.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.922903. eCollection 2022.

Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents of Different Ages: A Population-Based Study

Yujuan Ouyang  1 , Yingping Quan  2 , Chengyi Guo  3 , Songlin Xie  3 , Changxiong Liu  3 , Xiongjie Huang  3 , Xinfeng Huang  3 , Yanming Chen  3 , Xiangjun Xiao  3 , Nengqian Ma  4 , Ruijie Xie  3
Affiliations

Saturation Effect of Body Mass Index on Bone Mineral Density in Adolescents of Different Ages: A Population-Based Study

Yujuan Ouyang et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

Background: Adolescence is a critical period for bone development, and peak bone mass may be reached in late adolescence. Boosting bone accumulation at this time can help preserve adult bone health and avoid osteoporosis later in life. Body mass index (BMI) has been found to have a favorable impact on bone mineral density (BMD) in previous research. However, excessive obesity is harmful to health and may lead to various systemic diseases. Therefore, finding an appropriate BMI to maintain a balance between obesity and BMD is critical for adolescents.

Methods: The datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2020 were used in a cross-sectional investigation. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the linear connection between BMI and BMD. Fitted smoothing curves and threshold effect analysis were used to describe the nonlinear relationship. Subgroup analyses were then conducted based on gender and age.

Results: This population-based study included a total of 6,143 adolescents aged 8-19 years. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, a good association between BMI and total BMD was shown [0.014 (0.013, 0.014)]. This positive association was maintained in all subgroup analyses grouped by sex and age. Furthermore, the association between BMI and BMD was nonlinear with a saturation point present, as evidenced by smoothed curve fitting. According to the threshold effect study, with an age group of two years, adolescents of different ages had different BMI saturation values with respect to BMD.

Conclusions: Our study showed a significant positive and saturated association between BMI and BMD in adolescents aged 8-19 years. Maintaining BMI at saturation values may reduce other adverse effects while achieving optimal BMD.

Keywords: NHANES; adolescent; body mass index; bone mineral density; obese; osteoporosis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of participants selection. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; BMD, bone mineral density; Body Mass Index, BMI.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Distribution histogram of BMI. (A) Among all participants. (B) Among all males. (C) Among all females. Body Mass Index, BMI.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The association between BMI and total bone mineral density. (A) Each black point represents a sample. (B) The solid red line represents the smooth curve fit between variables. Blue bands represent the 95% confidence interval from the fit.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The association between BMI and total bone mineral density stratified by age.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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