Ameliorative effect of L-carnitine on lambda-cyhalothrin-induced anatomical and reproductive aberrations in albino mice

Abstract

The objective of this research was to look at how the pesticide lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) affected the liver, kidney, testis, and ovary of albino mice; and on morphological and skeletal features of the newborn of treated females. The study also aimed to test the ameliorative effects of L-carnitine (LC) against (LCT). Five sets of mice were created, Group 1 acted as the control, while Group 2 received a high dose of LCT, Group 3 received a high dose of LCT + LC, Group 4 received a low dose of LCT that was a residue of in khat (Qat), and Group 5 received a low dose of LCT + LC. The findings revealed that the treated groups' body weights were reduced significantly, whereas the absolute and relative weights of the liver in all groups were statistically decreased insignificantly. There were histopathological changes in the tissues in groups 2 and 4. While the tissues of the ovary and testis showed recovery in groups 3 and 5. When compared to the control group, the values of the seminiferous tubules parameters were statistically significant in the 3 and 5 groups. The newborn had a high dose of pesticides and showed some malformations in the skeleton. However, in group 3 the skeletal malformation was minimized and in-group 5 the skeleton malformations had completely disappeared. It could be concluded that LCT is highly harmful to mouse tissues and caused neonatal malformations, whereas LC has a marked protective effect against LCT.

Keywords: Antioxidant L-carnitine; Insecticides; Khat; Mice histological study; Pyrethroid Lambda-cyhalothrin.

Fig. 1

Mean body weight in the control and treated groups of male albino mice.

Fig. 2

Mean body weight in the control and treated groups of female albino mice.

Fig. 3

Relative liver weight of the control and treated groups of male albino mice.

Fig. 4

Relative liver weight of the control and treated groups of female albino mic.

Fig. 5

Sections in the livers of albino mice. A: (Control Group) showing normal central vein (CV), normal hepatocytes (He), normal blood sinusoids (BSi). 800X.B: (TI Group) showing fatty change (FC) 800X. C: (TII Group) showing neutrophils infiltration (If), dilated blood sinusoids (DBSi). 400X D: (TIII Group) showing hypertrophy (Hp), necrosis (N), karyorrhexis (K). 800X. E: (TIV Group) showing hypertrophy (Hp). 800X.

Fig. 6

Cross-sections in kidneys of albino mice. (H&E) A: (Control Group) showing normal malpighian renal corpuscles(MRC), normal proximal convoluted tubules (PCT). 400X B: (TI Group) showing hydropic change (HC). 800X C: (TII Group) showing glomerular shrinkage (GSk), thickened blood vessel (TBV). 800X D: (TIII Group) showing renal tubular shrinkage (RTS). 400X E: (TIV Group) showing degenerated glomerulus (DG), congested blood vessel (CBV). 800X.

Fig. 7

Longitudinal-sections in ovaries of albino mice (H&E) A: (Control Group) showing graafian follicle (GF) with its antrum (A) and granulosa layer (GL). 400X B: (TI Group) showing irregular granulosa layer (IGL) 800X C: (TII Group) showing thick granulosa layer (ThGL). 800X D: (TIII Group) showing irregular granulosa layer (IGL). 800X E: (TII Group) showing regular granulosa layer (RGL). 400X.

Fig. 8

Cross-sections in a testes of albino mice (H&E) A: (Control Group) showing normal seminiferous tubules (ST), lumen (L), interstitial tissue (IT), seminiferous epithelium (SE), leydig cells (LC). 400X B: (TI Group) showing spermatogenic arrest in the tubules which are lined with very few spermatogenic cells or with cell debris with complete absence of mature spermatozoa in tubular lumen. 800X C: (TII Group) showing recovered seminiferous cells (RcSC). 400X D: (TIII Group) showing fatty change in seminiferous tubules (FC), complete absence of mature spermatozoa in tubular lumen (ASp). 400X E: (TIVGroup) showing regular seminiferous tubules (RST). 400X.

Fig. 9

Offspring of albino mice under experiment: control (C), treated groups (TI, TII, TIII, and TIV). (TI): Reduction in size and curvature of the head down to its bottom. (TII), (TIII), and (TIV): morphological changes were not observed.

Fig. 10

Side view of newborns of albino mice stained with alizarin and alcian blue. Control (C), treated groups (TI, TII, TIII, and TIV).